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04 Video
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  • 04 Video

  • 2 Video

    Video

    Technology of electronically capturing, recording, processing, storing, transmitting, and reconstructing a sequence of still images representing scenes in motion

  • 3 Video

    Evolution

    Developed for CRT television systems Formats: VHS DVD Blu Ray 3D Internet: Real Video, YouTube

  • 4 Video

    Analogical Video Standards

  • 5 Video

    Digital Video

    Works by using a digital video signal Introduced by Sony in 1986 (Digital Betacam) QuickTime (Apple): 1991 Progressive increase in quality

    MPEG-1, MPEG-2 (DVB-T, DVD), DV Tapes, HDTV, MPEG-4 Non-linear editing systems deployed cheaply and widely on Desktop Computers Internet broadcasting. Video on Demand

  • 6 Video

    Digital Video Standards

    Spain, SD MPEG-2, HD MPEG-4/H.264

  • 7 Video

    Frames per second (fps) Interlacing Resolution Aspect Ratio Color Space Bit-rate

    Main Parameters of Video

    PAL (576i50)

    25 fps 720 x 576

    4:3 Color YUV

  • 8 Video

    Frames per second

    Frame rate: number of still pictures per unit of time of video Standards

    DVB-T : 25 fps

    Cinema (35 mm): 24 fps

    HFR : 48 fps

    Internet Files 12 15 fps

  • 9 Video

    Resolution

    Measured in pixels DVB-T SD / DVD : 720x576

    DVB-T HD : 1280x720, 1920x1080

    Full HD TV / Blu-Ray : 1920x1080

    4K Ultra HD TV : 3840x2160

    8K Ultra HD TV : 7680x4320

  • 10 Video

    Interlacing

    Progressive Scan Systems Each refresh period updates all of the scan lines

    DVB-T HD (Spain) 720p 1080p

    Blu-Ray 1080p

    Interlaced Systems Designed to avoid the limitations of a narrow bandwidth

    The horizontal scan lines are partitioned into two fields (odd and even)

  • 11 Video

    Aspect Ratio

    Ratio between the width and height of a frame Old TV : 4/3 (1.33:1)

    HDTV : 16/9 (1.77:1)

    Cinema in Blu-Ray : 2.40:1 (1920x800)

  • 12 Video

    Color Space and Color Depth

    Color Space YCbCr (YUV)

    Y: Luminance (brightness)

    CbCr: Chrominance (color)

    Color Depth Number of bits stored for each pixel (bits per pixel)

    More bits for Luminance

  • 13 Video

    A color image and YCbCr components

  • 14 Video

    Bit rate

    Number of bits stored per unit of time VCD 1.15 Mbits/s

    DVD 9.8 Mbits/s

    Blu-ray 36 Mbits/s and more

  • 15 Video

    Bit rate

    The Adventures of Baron Munchausen Video Bitrate: 25.98Mbits/s Case Blu-ray, 2008 Aspect ratio: 1.85:1

  • 16 Video

    Bit rate

    Bit rate 150 Mbps, 4K 3840x2160 Effective Pixels 8,300,000 Recording time 50 min, 64GB

    UHDTV

  • 17 Video

    Video Compression

    Motivation: high bit rate of uncompressed video The majority of video compression algorithms use lossy compression. There is a trade-off between video quality and system requirements.

    Home cinema, Portable video, etc

    Highly compressed video may present visible or distracting artifacts.

  • 18 Video

    Video Compression Formats

    Examples of video compression formats (specifications):

    MPEG-2 : DVD Video, Blu-ray, DVB-T MPEG-4 Part 2 : Quicktime, DivX, Xvid Theora : free software, VLC, Mplayer, FFmpeg H.264/MPEG-4 AVC : Blu-ray, Vimeo, YouTube,

    HDTV

    RealVideo : RealMedia, suitable as a streaming media format

  • 19 Video

    Video CODEC

    Device or software that enables compression and/or decompression of digital video using a specific video compression format MPEG-4 Part 2 Divx Pro by DivX Inc.

    Xvid free/open source OpenDivX project FFmpeg included in libavcodec (codec library)

    H.264/MPEG-4 AVC

    X264 GPL implementation QuickTime H.264 by Apple DivX Pro

  • 20 Video

    File Formats

    Multimedia Container Can store different data types (audio, video, subtitles, information, etc.)

    For video AVI, FLV, MKV, MP4, OGG

    Format Selection Based on: popularity, overhead, support for codecs, advanced content , support of streaming media HTML5 Support!

  • 21 Video

    HTML5 Video Support

    Currently, there are 3 supported video formats for the tag: MP4, WebM, and Ogg MP4: MPEG 4 file, H264 video codec, AAC audio codec Ogg: Ogg file, Theora video codec, Vorbis audio codec WebM: WebM file, VP8 video codec, Vorbis audio codec

  • 22 Video

    Video Formats and Browser Support

    Browser MP4 WebM Ogg

    Internet Explorer 9+ YES NO NO

    Chrome 6+ YES YES YES

    Firefox 3.6+ NO YES YES

    Safari 5+ YES NO NO

    Opera 10.6+ NO YES YES

  • 23 Video

    Methods for stereoscopic video creation Two channels using polarized glasses (passive stereo)

    One channel with two overlaid color coded layers (anaglyph)

    One channel with alternating left/right frames + LCD shutter glasses (active stereo)

    Auto stereoscopic displays

    3D Vdeo

    04 VideoVideoEvolutionAnalogical Video Standards Digital Video Digital Video Standards Main Parameters of Video Frames per secondResolutionInterlacingAspect RatioColor Space and Color DepthA color image and YCbCr componentsBit rateBit rateBit rateVideo Compression Video Compression FormatsVideo CODEC File FormatsHTML5 Video SupportVideo Formats and Browser Support3D Vdeo