0387 1301 FINAL CEPA Surface Loading Calculator User Manual

8/9/2019 0387 1301 FINAL CEPA Surface Loading Calculator User Manual

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CEPA Final Report No. 14-017

Final Report

Canadian Energy Pipeline

Association (CEPA) Sr!ace "oading

Calclator #ser $anal

$ar% &an A%er and 'o Francini

anary *+, *014

0+7-


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ntentionally lan%


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Final Report No. 14-017

Final Report

on

CANADIAN ENERGY PIPELINE ASSOCIATION (CEPA)

SURFACE LOADING CALCULATOR USER MANUAL

to

CANADIAN ENERGY PIPELINE ASSOCIATION (CEPA)

Januar !"# !$%&

y

Mar' an Au'er an *o+ Fran,ini

-ie.ner an A//o,iate/# In,0

1"1 S,2erer/ Ct0

Colu3+u/# O4 &5$"1

0+7-101


4/43

DISCLAIMER

/is docent presents 2ndings and3 or recoendations ased on engineering

serices per!ored y eployees o! 5ie!ner and Associates, nc. /e 6or%

addressed erein as een per!ored according to te ators %no6ledge,

in!oration, and elie! in accordance 6it coonly accepted procedres

consistent 6it applicale standards o! practice, and is not a garanty or 6arranty,

eiter e8pressed or iplied.

/e analysis and conclsions proided in tis report are !or te sole se and ene2t

o! te Client. No in!oration or representations contained erein are !or te se or

ene2t o! any party oter tan te party contracting 6it 5ie!ner. /e scope o! se

o! te in!oration presented erein is liited to te !acts as presented and

e8ained, as otlined 6itin te ody o! tis docent. No additionalrepresentations are ade as to atters not speci2cally addressed 6itin tis report.

Any additional !acts or circstances in e8istence t not descried or considered

6itin tis report ay cange te analysis, otcoes and representations ade in

tis report.


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TA*LE OF CONTENTS

'ASC 9ESCRP/:N.........................................................................................................1

APPR:AC;..................................................................................................................... 1

E


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ntentionally lan%

Canaian Ener6 Pipeline A//o,iation(CEPA) Sur.a,e Loain6 Cal,ulator U/erManual$ar% &an A%er and 'o Francini

*ASIC DESCRIPTION

/e CEPA Sr!ace "oading Calclator is sed to deterine te stresses e8perienced

y a ried pipeline as a eicle traerses te pipeline at te sr!ace. /e prograpriarily ses te gross eicle 6eigt, siGe o! te eicle !ootprint (or grond

contact area), and te pipeline dept o! coer to calclate te load (or pressre)

e8perienced at te pipeline dept. /e calclated load is sed to deterine te

corresponding circ!erential and longitdinal stresses prodced in te pipe. /e

stresses cased y te e8ternal load are coined 6it te circ!erential and

longitdinal stresses present nder noral operating conditions in order to

deterine te eHialent stress e8perienced y te pipeline.

/e progra is capale o! calclating tree pre-loaded eicle typesI

o *-A8le, 4-Deel eicle (@Deel &eicle NP#/ ta),

o -A8le, J-Deel eicle (@Deel &eicle -A8le NP#/ ta),

o /rac% eicle (@/rac% NP#/ ta).

A csto eicle type (@?rid NP#/ ta), in 6ic te ser creates and inpts an

array o! point loads representing a csto eicle !oot print or sr!ace load is also

capale o! eing analyGed.

APPROAC4

As a eicle traerses oer a ried pipeline, te sr!ace load is transitted

trog te soil to te pipeline. /e load e8perienced at pipeline dept is priarily

a !nction o! te dept o! coer, gross eicle 6eigt, and siGe o! te eicle

!ootprint (or grond contact area). /e e8ternal load on te pipeline cases a

deKection in te pipe cross section and local circ!erential and longitdinal

stresses, 6ic coine 6it te circ!erential and longitdinal stresses tat are

present nder noral operating conditions. Resistance to te oerall cross-section


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deKection (also %no6n as oaliGation) o! te pipe coes !ro te stiLness o! te

pipe cross section, internal pressre, and lateral restraint !ro te soil tat is in

contact 6it te sides o! te pipe. /e Spangler and o6a eHations1 ae een

generally accepted and incorporated into indstry gidelines sc as AP

Recoended Practice 110* Steel Pipelines Crossing Railroads and ;ig6ays*, and

Aerican "i!elines Alliance ?idelines !or te 9esign o! 'ried Steel Pipe !or

calclating circ!erential ending stress in ried pipe de to te deKection

cased y e8ternal loads. /e Spangler and o6a eHations ot consider pipe

stiLness t consider te eLects o! pressre stiLening and lateral soil restraint

separately. /e MCEPA eHation4 eLectiely coines te internal pressre and

lateral soil restraint deKection resistance ters into a single eHation !or

circ!erential ending stress. n te asence o! internal pressre, te CEPA

eHation reerts ac% to te o6a eHation, and siilarly it reerts ac% to te

Spangler eHation i! lateral soil restraint is negligile. /e CEPA eHation is sed in

tis analysis to calclate te circ!erential ending stress de to sr!ace loads.

/e e8ternal load on te pipe also cases a local longitdinal stress. ! te load is

assed to act oer a 2nite area on te pipe sr!ace, ten it can e analyGed

siilarly to integral strctral attacents to straigt pipe as descried in

1

Spangler, $erlin ?. and ;andy, Ricard "., Soil Engineering. /ird Edition. nte8t

Press, nc. 17.

*

AP Recoended Practice 110*, @Steel Pipelines Crossing Railroads and

;ig6ays, Aerican Petrole nstitte, Si8t Edition, April 1, reared ly

*00*.

?idelines !or te 9esign o! 'ried Steel Pipe. Aerican"i!elinesAlliance. ly *001

6it addenda trog Ferary *00. 666.aericanli!elinesalliance.co.

4

Daran, 9. . and ;art, .9. @9eelopent o! a Pipeline Sr!ace "oading Screening

Process B Assessent o! Sr!ace "oading 9ispersing $etods, Final Report 0-44

to te Canadian Energy Pipeline Association (CEPA). ne 17, *00.


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Secondary Stress ndices !or ntegral Strctral Attacents to Straigt Pipe. /e

sr!ace load can also case an oerall deKection o! te pipe and te soil 6it

respect to te pipe along 6it te soil otside o! te inKence o! te sr!ace load.

/e longitdinal stress as a reslt o! oerall pipe deKection is calclated sing ea

on elastic !ondation principles.

/e circ!erential and longitdinal stresses tat are present de to noral

operating conditions are also calclated. /ese stresses are naely te

circ!erential (oop) stress de to internal pressre, circ!erential stress de to

te 6eigt o! 2ll aoe te pipeline, longitdinal stress de to te Poisson eLect o!

pressriGed pipelines restrained in soil, te Poisson eLect !ro te soil load, and

longitdinal stress de to any teperatre diLerence et6een te pipe at te tie

o! installation and te noral operating teperatre.

/e circ!erential and longitdinal stresses de to te noral operating condition

and sr!ace loading condition are totaled and copared to te allo6ale liits !or

eac stress coponent gien in te applicale design codeJ, 7, or +. /e coined

eHialent stress (/resca or on $ises stress) is also copared to allo6ale liits. !

te sr!ace loading is e8pected to e !reHent, ten !atige is also considered.

E7UATIONS

9odge D.?. @Secondary Stress ndices !or ntegral Strctral Attacents to

Straigt Pipe, DRC 'lletin 1+, Ne6 =or%, 174.

J

CSA OJJ*-11, @:il and ?as Pipeline Systes, CSA, :ntario, Canada, *011.

7

AS$E '1.4-*00, @Pipeline /ransportation Systes !or "iHid ;ydrocarons and

:ter "iHids, AS$E, Ne6 =or%, *00.

+

AS$E '1.+-*010, @?as /ransission and 9istrition Piping Systes, AS$E, Ne6

=or%, *010.


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/e pressre e8erted on te pipe at pipeline dept de to a load at te sr!ace can

e calclated sing 'ossinesHs eHationI

5.22

2 12

3

+

⋅==

H

d H

F DW P livelive

π

(1)

6ere

live P

pressre on te pipe de to te lie load (psi)

liveW

lie load on te pipe (l3in)

D

diaeter o! te pipe (in)

F

point load at te sr!ace (l)

H dept o! soil coer (in)

d oLset distance !ro te pipe to te line o! application o! te sr!ace load

(in)

#sing tis eHation, a tire, trac%, or any oter load 6it a %no6n contact area can

e represented y a series o! point loads at te sr!ace, and te total load on te

pipe is calclated as te sation o! te eLect o! te indiidal loads.

As recoended y $oser, te soil load aoe te pipeline is calclated as te

6eigt o! a pris o! soil aing a 6idt eHal to te diaeter o! te pipe and eigt

eHal to te dept o! coerI

$oser, AP, 'ried Pipe 9esign, Second Edition, *001, $c?ra6 ;ill.


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H D

W P soil soi l ⋅== ρ

(*)

6ere

soi l P

pressre on te pipe de to te soil load (psi)

soi l W

soil load on te pipe (l3in)

ρ

density o! soil (l3in)

/e eicle lie load and te soil load case a deKection in te ring cross section o!

te pipe and circ!erential ending in te pipe 6all.

/e CEPA eHation coines te pressre stiLening and soil restraint ters into a

single eHation !or deterining circ!erential (oop) ending stresses de to lie

or soil loadsI

33

2

_

'0915.031

3

⋅⋅+

⋅⋅⋅+

⋅⋅⋅

=

t

D

E

E

t

D

E

P K

t

D P K

z

liveb

live H σ

()

6ere

live H _ σ

circ!erential (oop) ending stress de to te lie load (psi)

b K

soil paraeter

t 6all tic%ness (in)

z K

soil paraeter

P internal pressre (psig)


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E =ongs odls o! elasticity !or steel (0810J psi)

' E odls o! soil reaction (psi)

and

33

2

_

'0915.031

3

⋅⋅+

⋅⋅⋅+

⋅⋅⋅

=

t

D

E

E

t

D

E

P K

t

D P K

z

soi l b

soi l H σ

(4)

6ere

soi l H _ σ

circ!erential (oop) ending stress de to te soil load (psi)

/e circ!erential (oop) stress de to internal pressre is gien asI

t

D P ernal H ⋅

⋅=

2int _ σ

()

6ere

ernal H int _ σ

circ!erential (oop) stress de to internal pressre (psi)

/e total circ!erential stress,

Total H _ σ

, is te s o! te stresses de to

circ!erential ending along 6it te oop stress de to internal pressre. /e

total circ!erential stress is copared to te allo6ale liit.

nternal pressre in pipelines restrained in soil cases a longitdinal stress eHal toI

ernal H ernal L int _ int _ σ ν σ ⋅=(J)

6ere


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ernal L int _ σ

longitdinal stress de to internal pressre (psi)

ν

Poissons ratio !or steel (0.)

n a anner siilar to te longitdinal stress !ro pressre, te soil load cases a

longitdinal stress eHal toI

soi l H soil L _ _ σ ν σ ⋅=(7)

6ere

soi l L _ σ

longitdinal stress de to soil load (psi)

/e longitdinal stress de to te lie load is deterined as a coination o! stress

de to local ending and ea deKection. /e calclation !or te local longitdinal

stress cased y te sr!ace load is estiated sing 'Qilaards soltions !or local

loading on a pipe !ond in Roar%s Forlas !or Stress and Strain10.

live H local L _

4

_ 56.1

153.0σ β σ ⋅⋅=

(+)

6ere

local L _ σ

local ending stress (psi)

and

8/12 )]1(12[ ν β −⋅=()

/e eicle load cases an a8ial pipeline deKection, 6ic adds to te longitdinalstress de to internal pressre and teperatre diLerential. ! te pipeline is

10

=ong, D.C., Roar%s Forlas !or Stress B Strain, Si8t Edition. RR 9onnelley B

Sons Copany, 1+.


13/43

odeled as a ea on an elastic !ondation, te a8i ending oent is

gien y ;etenyi11 asI

( ) xe D P

M x pipe

λ

λ

λ sin2

4

2

−⋅=

(10)

6ere

M

ending oent (in-l)

pip e P

Pressre on pipe !ro an eHialent point load (psi)

λ

caracteristic lengt (in-1)

x

distance along te pipeline (in)

and

4

4

'

I E

D E

⋅⋅⋅⋅

= θ

λ

(11)

6ere

θ

edding angle o! pipe (degrees)

I pipe oent o! inertia (in4)

pip e P

is te ni!orly distrited pressre on te pipe de to an eHialent point load at te

sr!ace tat spreads at te soil distrition angle o! *. degrees !ro te sr!ace point1*.

/e longitdinal ending stress is gien asI

11

;etenyi, $. 'eas on Elastic Fondation. Jt Edition. #niersity o! $icigan.

1J1.

1*


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I

D M bend L

2 _

⋅=σ

(1*)

6ere

bend L _ σ

longitdinal ending stress (psi)

/e total longitdinal stress de to teperatre diLerential is gien asI

T E thermal L

∆⋅⋅= α σ _ (1)

6ere

thermal L _ σ

longitdinal teral stress (psi)

α coecient o! teral e8pansion !or steel (J.J7810-J in3in deg F)

T ∆ teperatre diLerential (installation > operation)

/e total longitdinal stress,

Total L _ σ

, is te s o! te stresses !ro internalpressre, soil load, sr!ace loads, a8ial deKection, and teperatre diLerential. /e

total longitdinal stress is copared to te allo6ale liit.

/e coined eHialent (/resca > EHation 14 on $ises > EHation 1) stress is

calclated asI

Total LTotal H Total LTotal H E _ _ _ _ ,,max σ σ σ σ σ −=(14)

2

_ _ _

2

_ Total LTotal LTotal H Total H E σ σ σ σ σ +⋅−=(1)

6ere

9esign 9ata 1I ;ig6ay "ie "oads on Concrete Pipe, Aerican Concrete Pipe

Association, :ctoer *007.


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E σ

coined eHialent stress (psi)

/e coined eHialent stress is ten copared to te allo6ale liits. ! te

sr!ace loading is e8pected to e !reHent, ten !atige sold e considered.

Re!er to @/ale -Fatige Endrance "iits, SF? and SF", !or &arios Steel ?rades on

page 1+ in AP Recoended Practice 110* !or standard gidelines on per!oring

!atige cec% calclations.

ANALYSIS 8 ENTERING CASE SPECIFIC DATA IN T4E 9GENERAL INPUT: TA*

Eac o! te data inpt 2elds in te @?eneral NP#/ ta are descried elo6,

categoriGed y section. /ese sections are designated y gray eadings in te

spreadseet. /ere are t6o types o! inptsI 5eyed Entry and :ption 'ttonselection. /e 5eyed Entry inpt 2elds are designated y te ligt yello6 cell color.

All inpt 2elds and option ttons st e poplated in order !or te progra to

rn.

Pipeline In.or3ation# Lo,ation# ; Date Se,tion

o Pipeline In.or3ation > n Cell E4 enter pertinent in!oration aot te pipeline

(nae, identi2cation ner, etc.).

o Pipeline Lo,ation > n Cell E enter te location o! te pipeline. /is can e a

nerical ale (sc as station) or te8t.

Sele,t Unit/ Se,tion

o Unit/ > #se te option ttons to select te nits (Englis or $etric) to per!or te

analysis.

Pipe Input Data Se,tion

o Out/ie Dia3eter > n Cell C1* enter te actal otside diaeter o! te pipeline.

o


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Soil Input Data Se,tion

o Soil Den/it > n Cell C*1 enter te soil density in 6ic te pipeline is ried.

o Dept2 o. Co@er > n Cell C** enter te dept o! coer o! te pipeline (i.e. te dept

!ro te sr!ace to te top o! te pipeline).

o *ein6 An6le > #se te option ttons to select te edding angle o! te pipeline.

! tis in!oration is n%no6n, a de!alt ale o! 0 degrees sold e tiliGed.

o Moulu/ o. Soil Rea,tion > #se te option ttons to select eiter @#ser 9e2nedI

or @Calclated !ro "oo%p /alesI. ! @#ser 9e2nedI is selected, in Cell C* enter

te $odls o! Soil Reaction. ! @Calclated !ro "oo%p /alesI is selected, se te

option ttons to select te @Soil /ypeI and @Soil CopactionI. ! tis in!oration is

n%no6n, a de!alt ale !or @Soil /ypeI o! @Fine-grained 6it less tan *T sand

content and a de!alt ale !or @Soil CopactionI o! +0T sold e tiliGed.

o Soil Loa Euation > #se te option ttons to select te desired soil load eHation

!or te progra to tiliGe in te analysis. ! te @/rap 9oor EHation is selected, inCell C4+ enter te Angle o! Searing Resistance (or Friction Angle). ! nsre 6ic

soil load eHation to tiliGe, select te @Pris "oad EHation as te de!alt eHation.

NoteI /e trap door eHation is sed to accont !or ridging o! te soil oer te

pipeline. t sold not e sed nless te ser nderstands te principles eind its

se1. /e reslts ay not e conseratie.

Mi/,ellaneou/ Input Se,tion

o I3pa,t Fa,tor > #se te option ttons to select a @&eicle /ypeI and a @Paeent

/ypeI.

Note 1I n tis calclator, a @;ig6ay &eicle is considered to e a eicle6it ig-pressre tires (greater tan or eHal to 0 psi), 6ile

@Far3Constrction EHipent eicles are considered to e eicles 6it

lo6-pressre tires (less tan 0 psi).

Note *I For tic% concrete sla crossings, sc as ig6ays, negligile energy

is transitted to te pipe. /ypically, pipe nder ig6ays is ried at a dept

greater tan -!eet, o6eer i! tis is not te case, or a conseratie reslt is

desired, ten te @Fle8ile Paeent (i.e. Aspalt, ?rael, or 'are Soil) option

sold e selected.

o Eui@alent Stre// Euation > #se te option ttons to select te desired

eHialent stress eHation to tiliGe in te analysis. ! nsre 6ic eHialent stresseHation to tiliGe, select te @/resca EHation 6ic is sligtly ore conseratie,

as te de!alt eHation.

1

'lson, PS, 'ried Strctres Static and 9ynaic Strengt, 1+, Capan B ;all.


17/43

o Pipeline Re6ulator Coe > #se te option ttons to select te desired pipeline

reglatory code allo6ale liits in 6ic to copare te analysis reslts. ! te @#ser

9e2ned Pipeline Stress "iitsI is selected, in Cell E7*, E7, B E74 enter te

allo6ale oop stress, longitdinal stress, and eHialent stress as a percent o!

S$=S, respectiely.


18/43

ANALYSIS 8 ENTERING CASE SPECIFIC DATA IN T4E 9 n Cell ?0 enter te gross 6eigt o! te eicles rear a8le.o A=le n Cell ? enter te a8le 6idt o! te eicle. ! tis speci2cation is

not proided y te an!actrer, te 6idt can e easred. For single tire a8les,

easre te distance along te a8le et6een te centerlines o! eac tire. For dal

tire a8les, easre te distance along te a8le !ro te space et6een te dal tires

on one side o! te a8le to te space et6een te dal tires on te oter side o! te

a8le.o A=le Separation > n Cell ?*1 enter te a8le separation o! te eicle. ! tis

speci2cation is not proided y te an!actrer, te separation can e easred as

te perpendiclar distance !ro te !ront a8le to te rear a8le.o Conta,t n Cell 510 enter te grond contact 6idt o! a !ront a8le tire. !

dal tires e8ist, treat te as one tire and enter te oerall grond contact 6idt o!

ot tires inclding te space et6een te tires.o Tire Pre//ure % > n Cell "14 enter te tire pressre o! te !ront a8le tires.

o Conta,t n Cell 5*4 enter te grond contact 6idt o! a rear a8le tire. !


ot tires inclding te space et6een te tires.o Tire Pre//ure ! > n Cell "*+ enter te tire pressre o! te rear a8le tires.


19/43

n Cell E4 enter pertinent in!oration aot te eicle

(rand, odel, year, etc.).o A=le Loa % > n Cell F1 enter te gross 6eigt o! te eicles !ront a8le.

o A=le Loa ! > n Cell F*7 enter te gross 6eigt o! te eicles iddle a8le.

o A=le Loa 5 > n Cell FJ enter te gross 6eigt o! te eicles rear a8le.o A=le n Cell ?4* enter te a8le 6idt o! te eicle. ! tis speci2cation is

not proided y te an!actrer, te 6idt can e easred. For single tire a8les,

easre te distance along te a8le et6een te centerlines o! eac tire. For dal

tire a8les, easre te distance along te a8le !ro te space et6een te dal tires

on one side o! te a8le to te space et6een te dal tires on te oter side o! te

a8le.o A=le Separation % > n Cell ;*1 enter te a8le separation et6een te !ront and

iddle a8les o! te eicle. ! tis speci2cation is not proided y te an!actrer,

te separation can e easred as te perpendiclar distance !ro te !ront a8le to

te iddle a8le.o A=le Separation ! > n Cell ; enter te a8le separation et6een te iddle and

rear a8les o! te eicle. ! tis speci2cation is not proided y te an!actrer, teseparation can e easred as te perpendiclar distance !ro te iddle a8le to

te rear a8le.o Conta,t n Cell 510 enter te grond contact 6idt o! a !ront a8le tire. !


ot tires inclding te space et6een te tires.o Tire Pre//ure % > n Cell "14 enter te tire pressre o! te !ront a8le tires.

o Conta,t n Cell 5*4 enter te grond contact 6idt o! a iddle a8le tire.

! dal tires e8ist, treat te as one tire and enter te oerall grond contact 6idt o!

ot tires inclding te space et6een te tires.o Tire Pre//ure ! > n Cell "*+ enter te tire pressre o! te iddle a8le tires.

o Conta,t n Cell 5 enter te grond contact 6idt o! a rear a8le tire. !


ot tires inclding te space et6een te tires.o Tire Pre//ure 5 > n Cell "7 enter te tire pressre o! te rear a8le tires.

Tra,' e2i,le INPUT

o e2i,le In.or3ation > n Cell E4 enter pertinent in!oration aot te eicle

(rand, odel, year, etc.).o e2i,le Loa > n Cell ?14 enter te gross 6eigt o! te eicle.

o Tra,' Len6t2 > n Cell C*1 enter te trac% lengt o! te eicle. ! tis speci2cation

is not proided y te an!actrer, te lengt can e easred as te distance

along te trac% 6ic is in direct contact 6it te grond. NoteI Soe

an!actrers speci!y a grond pressre !or teir eHipent. n tis case an

eLectie trac% lengt can e estiated ased on te 6idt and pressre.o Tra,' Separation > n Cell ?* enter te trac% separation. ! tis speci2cation is not

proided y te an!actrer, te separation can e easred as te perpendiclar

distance !ro te centerline o! te le!t trac% to te centerline o! te rigt trac%.o Conta,t n Cell 11 enter te grond contact 6idt o! a eicle trac%.


20/43

Gri INPUT

/e @?rid NP#/ ta is intended !or adanced sers tat 6is to analyGe a speci2c

portion o! a eicle (e.g. a speci2c a8le on a eicle) or a csto eicle type 6it

a !ootprint (or grond contact area) 6ic cannot e analyGed sing one o! te

speci2c eicle type tas. /e inpt 2eld descriptions !or tis ta are listed elo6.Appendi8 A proides !rter instrctions !or sing te @?rid NP#/ ta.

o e2i,le In.or3ation > n Cell E4 enter pertinent in!oration aot te eicle

(rand, odel, year, etc.).o e2i,le Tpe > n Cell E enter pertinent in!oration aot te eicle type (Deel,

/rac%, *-A8le, -A8le, etc.).o Mea/ure3ent Point B,oorinate > n Cell F11 enter te -coordinate o! te

location 6ere te progra 6ill calclate te pressre e8erted on te sr!ace o! te

pipe de to te eicle load.o Mea/ure3ent Point YB,oorinate > n Cell F1* enter te =-coordinate o! te

location 6ere te progra 6ill calclate te pressre e8erted on te sr!ace o! te

pipe de to te eicle load.o Loa (,olu3n o. @alue/) > n Coln , starting at Cell 1* enter te ser de2ned

array o! point loads representing te csto eicle !oot print.o ; Y (,olu3n o. @alue/) > n Coln and 5, starting at Cell 1* and 51* enter

te ser de2ned array o! -=-coordinates corresponding to te array o! point loads

listed in Coln , 6ic represent te location o! eac point load in te csto

eicle !oot print.

A!ter all inpt 2elds on te @?eneral NP#/ ta and desired eicle type ta ae

een poplated, clic% te corresponding eicle type @CA"C#"A/EI tton to rn

te analysis. Eac eicle type ta incldes a @CA"C#"A/EI tton tat rns te

progra analysis !or tat speci2c eicle type. Appendi8 ' gies a coplete list o!all te 6or%seet tas and corresponding !nctions (or ttons) tat reside on eac

ta.

N:/EI An error cec% is per!ored prior to te progra initiating srotines. ! tere is an

isse 6it o6 an inpt as een entered, an error essage 6ill pop p alerting te ser as

to 6ic inpt cell is casing te isse.


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ANALYSIS 8 9RESULTS: TA*

:nce te progra as 2nised rnning, it 6ill atoatically ring p te @Reslts

ta, 6ic 6ill display an oerie6 o! te ser inpts along 6it te reslts o! te

analysis calclated y te progra.

Su33ar o. Input In.or3ation

/e top portion o! te @Reslts ta sariGes inpts !ro te general and eicle

type tas sc as te pipeline3eicle in!oration, pipe geoetry, soil

caracteristics, and eicle speci2cations sed in te analysis. /e otto portion

o! te @Reslts ta incldes te @Pipeline Reglatory Code section, 6ic lists te

reglatory code, selected y te ser, in 6ic te calclated stresses 6ill e

copared.

Su33ar o. Output In.or3ation

/e top portion o! te reslts ta incldes te @"ocation o! $a8i "oad otpt

section, 6ic descries 6ere te a8i load occrs.

/e otto portion o! te reslts ta gies te otpt o! te CEPA Sr!ace "oading

Calclator progra. A description o! tese reslts is gien elo6, categoriGed y

section.

Cal,ulate Stre// Data

o 4oop Stre// > coponents o! oop stress calclated y te progra are listed

elo6.

;oop Stress de toI

nternal Pressre at $:P.

"ie "oad at Oero Pressre.

"ie "oad at $:P.

/otal ;oop Stress at Oero Pressre.

/otal ;oop Stress at $:P.

;oop Stress as a percent o! S$=S at Oero Pressre.

;oop Stress as a percent o! S$=S at $:P.


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o Lon6ituinal Stre// > coponents o! longitdinal stress calclated y te progra

are listed elo6.

"ongitdinal Stress de toI

"ie "oad at Oero Pressre

"ie "oad at $:P.

/otal "ongitdinal Stress at Oero Pressre.

/otal "ongitdinal Stress at $:P.

"ongitdinal Stress as a percent o! S$=S at Oero Pressre.

"ongitdinal Stress as a percent o! S$=S at $:P.

o Eui@alent Stre// > eHialent stresses calclated y te progra are listed elo6.

EHialent Stress at Oero Pressre.

EHialent Stress at $:P.

EHialent Stress as a percent o! S$=S at Oero Pressre.

EHialent Stress as a percent o! S$=S at $:P.

Pa//Fail

o /is section lists 6eter eac calclated stress passes or !ails as copared to te

allo6ale stress liits proided in te pipeline reglatory code selected y te ser.

7UIC- REFERENCE INFORMATION

9aria+le Ta+le/: ta+

/e sole prpose o! te @&ariale /ales ta is to proide te ser 6it a Hic%

re!erence to coon tales tiliGed 6en calclating sr!ace loads. /e tales

inclded on tis ta are not intended to e an all-encopassing list o! ariale

ales. /e ser sold deterine 6eter te se o! tese tales is appropriate

!or teir speci2c sitation.

9API RP %%$! Fati6ue Ta+le: ta+

/e tale on tis ta is reprodced cortesy o! te Aerican Petrole nstitte.

5ie!ner B Associates, nc., is grate!l to te Aerican Petrole nstitte !or

granting perission as o! 1 anary *01 !or te reprodction o! /ale - Fatige

Endrance "iits, SF? and SF", !or &arios Steel ?rades !ro AP RP 110*, Jt


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edition, April 1 Reared ly *00*I Steel Pipelines Crossing Railroads and

;ig6ays. /e prpose o! tis ta is to proide te ser 6it a Hic% re!erence to

te a!oreentioned tale 6en assessing scenarios 6ere sr!ace loading is

e8pected to e !reHent and !atige st e considered.


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APPENDI A 8 ADANCED USER INSTRUCTIONS FOR USING T4E 9GRID INPUT: TA*


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/e @?rid NP#/ ta (or Adanced #ser ta) 6as created to allo6 te ser to de2ne

a grid o! point loads atcing te layot o! teir particlar eicle, instead o! sing

one o! te calclators de!alt eicle layots. /is ta enales te ser to a%e a

eicle point load grid as siple or as cople8 as desired. /is ta also allo6s te

ser to analyGe a single a8le on a particlar eicle or can e sed !or srcarge

loads.

/e !or coponents o! te grid inpt ta are teI @$easreent Point -=-

coordinates, @"oad (point load) ale and its associated @-coordinate and @=-

coordinate.

1. S/AR/ y creating a grid o! point loads 6itin eac contact area o! te eicle

6eels3trac%s tat represents te layot o! te oerall eicle.

a. N:/EI /is cold consist o! a single point load located at te center o! eac

6eel3trac% in te eicle layot or it cold e ore cople8 and consist o!

any point loads distrited eHally trogot te contact area o! eac

6eel3trac% o! te eicle layot to iic a sr!ace pressre. See Figre 1

6ic so6s te relation et6een $easreent Point @A and te point loads

at te center o! eac grid 6itin te entire grid area.

. Eac point load in a eicle grid st e de2ned on te @?rid NP#/ ta y

entering a ale !or @"oad (point load), @ (6ic is te 8-coordinate o! te

point load), and @= (6ic is te y-coordinate o! te point load) in te

respectie inpt colns.

c. N:/EI /e re!erence origin, 6ere (8, y) (0, 0), is relatie and its placeent

is ser de2ned. t is essential tat te re!erence origin reain te sae !or all

coordinates tiliGed in te ?rid NP#/ ta analysis.

*. NE/ te ser st enter te coordinates !or te $easreent Point (i.e. te location

6ere te ser 6ises te progra to calclate te pressre e8erted on te sr!ace

o! te pipe de to te eicle load).

. /;EN a!ter te point load grid and te easreent point coordinates ae een

entered, C"C5 te @CA"C#"A/EI &eicle ?rid npt tton to rn te progra.

a. N:/EI A"" colns, @"oad, @, and @= $#S/ contain a ale !or EAC;

point load, oter6ise te progra 6ill retrn an error.

. $P:R/AN/I As noted on te @?rid NP#/ ta, a @Rn-tie error M1I /ypeisatc error 6ill occr i! one o! te ser inpts is non-neric. ! tis

error occrs, te ser 6ill need to 2nd te non-neric inpt and correct it to

a neric ale in order to rn te progra.

4. "AS/"= te progra 6ill atoatically ring p te @Reslts ta 6en it is 2nised

rnning.


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Fi6ure % Gri point loa relation to Mea/ure3ent Point 9A:


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APPENDI * 8 LIST OF


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APPENDI C 8 EAMPLE ANALYSES

E8aple 1 and E8aple * ot inole te scenario o! crossing Pipeline A,

descried erea!ter, e8cept 6it t6o diLerent types o! constrction eHipent.

E8aple inoles te scenario o! crossing Pipeline ', descried later, 6it a tird

type o! constrction eHipent.

Pipeline A rns parallel to a aQor interstate ig6ay 6ic is nder constrction.

/e operator o! Pipeline A as een contacted y te proQect anager oerseeing

te ig6ay constrction to inHire 6eter a cople diLerent types o! constrction

eHipent 6ill e ale to sa!ely cross te line. Pipeline A is a liHids line consisting

o! 1J-inc otside diaeter, 0.00-inc 6all tic%ness, AP ?rade 4* pipe 6it a

a8i operating pressre ($:P) o! 1,074 psig. /e line is ried J.JJ7-!eet (+0-

inces) deep in a 2ne-grained soil 6it a density o! 1*0-l3!t. /e soil copaction

is 0T. /e teperatre diLerential, and edding angle are n%no6n !or tis line.

E=a3ple % S,enario 8


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General Inputs – Example 1:


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Vehicle Inputs – Example 1:


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Results – Example 1:


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E=a3ple ! S,enario 8 Tra,' e2i,le ,ro//in6 Pipeline A

E8aple * inoles te scenario o! Pipeline A eing crossed y a 5oats ;ydralic

E8caator PC400 /rac%oe. /is oL-road piece o! constrction eHipent as a

total eicle operating 6eigt o! ,1J-ls, 6ic is eHally distrited across its

t6o trac%s. Speci2cations !ro te an!actrer con2r te trac% separation is -

!eet, 6ile te trac% grond contact lengt is 14.-!eet. /e 6idt o! eac eicle

trac% is *7.J-inces.


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E=a3ple 5 S,enario 8 Dru3 Roller (Gri INPUT) e2i,le,ro//in6 Pipeline *

Pipeline ' rns parallel to a rral road 6ic is in te process o! eing re-paed.

/e operator o! Pipeline ' as een contacted y te proQect anager oerseeing

te paing to inHire 6eter a dr roller eing sed on te proQect 6ill e ale to

sa!ely cross te line. Pipeline ' is a liHids line consisting o! J.J*-inc otside

diaeter, 0.1++-inc 6all tic%ness, AP ?rade ' pipe 6it a a8i operating

pressre ($:P) o! 7*0 psig. /e line is ried *.JJ7-!eet (*-inces) deep in a

coarse-grained soil 6it a density o! 1*0-l3!t. /e soil copaction is T. /e

teperatre diLerential is 1*F, and te edding angle is J0 degrees !or tis line.

E8aple inoles te scenario o! Pipeline ' eing crossed y an ngersoll Rand

S94 &iratory Soot 9r Roller. /is piece o! constrction eHipent as a

total eicle operating 6eigt o! 10,+-ls, 6ic is distrited across its a8les as!ollo6sI 9r A8le ,-ls, and /ire A8le ,1-ls. Speci2cations !ro te

an!actrer con2r te tire a8le 6idt is .*-!eet, te dr a8le 6idt is 4.-!eet,

and te a8le separation is J-!eet. /e tire contact 6idt is 1*-inces. n tis

e8aple, te point nder te center o! te dr roller as een selected as

easreent point to per!or te sr!ace loading analysis. /e coordinates !or

tis easreent point are (8, y) (0, 4+), 6ic are relatie to te origin (0, 0),

6ic 6as aritrarily placed at te center o! te eicle.


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Graph of Vehicle Footprint (Point Loas!:

'elo6 is a grap o! te eicle !ootprint (or point loads), 6ic 6as created to

analyGe te ngersoll Rand S94 &iratory Soot 9r Roller eicle type. /e -

=-coordinates !or tis grap are gien in te aoe screen captre o! te @?rid

NP#/ ta. t is iportant to note tat 6ile tis speci2c e8aple decided toanalyGe te pressre e8erted on te sr!ace o! te pipe de to te eicle load tat

occrs nder te dr roller, easreent point (0, 4+), any easreent point

relatie to te aritrary origin cold ae een selected and analyGed.


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0387 1301 FINAL CEPA Surface Loading Calculator User Manual

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