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no0>?!"#$%LpqgrsgG9gtuPgvw/3xvw/]^_gyz{"gG9|}_
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(a) Oxalic acid (C2)
COOHCOOH HOOC
COOH COOH
(b) Malonic acid (C3)
(c) Succinic acid (C4) (d) Glutaric acid (C5)
HOOC
HOOCHOOC
COOH
COOH
H3C
(e) Methylmaleic acid (mM)
CJ�2�%�j�,
�'(ÏÐgÑ°/,
Ò£¤¥ (CCN),ÒÓ*g7Ô�&Ϩg?© Õ
Ö×Ø� ¶#j�
{Ùl� �%Ì%�
Ú�%¶�ij�
456789>?�:;<=Ö×Ø�LHOOC-COOHP&ÛÜJÉ (Mochida et al., J. Geophys. Res., 2003)
ACE-Asia
NOAA R/V Ron Brown
March to April, 2001
*Hawaii
*Chichi-jima
Jeju Is.
0
200
400
600
800
1000
8 11 12 13 17 18 20 23 24 25 29 30 1 2 4
C2di
C3di
C4di
C5di
Co
nce
ntr
atio
ns,
ng
/m3
March/May, 2001
RF 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
Date
RF15
5
RF16
April/May, 2001 (Kawamura et al., JGR,
2003)
0 100 200 300 400 500
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
C2
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0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
C3
äÇ
(k
m)
ÆÇ, ngm-3
�åæÛ!"#$%ç(2003 summer)
Mass chromatogram of normal alkanes (C16-C35)
奇数・偶数炭素の比(Carbon Preference Index: CPI):
1234CPI = 1.16±0.12, 冬の試料1.17±0.14
原油CPI=1, 植物ワックスCPI= ~10, 東京(CPI=1.5)
Higher Plant WaxC29
C31
C33
Fossil Fuel Combustion
(c) PAHs
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Phe
An
tr
Flu
Pyr
BF
BaA
Chr
Bb
F
BkF
BeP
BaP
Per
IP
DB
A
BghiP
An
tt
Cor
DB
P
summer
winter
In summer BbF is the most abundant PAH, except for Hong Kong, Xiamen
and Jinchang. In winter BbF was the dominant in all the fourteen cities.
BbF is characteristic PAH produced by coal combustion in China.
IP and BghiP were generally the second highest PAHs in both seasons.
Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene (IP) Benzo(ghi)perylene(BghiP)Benzo(b)fluoranthene (BbF)
PAHsBbF: 石炭燃焼
! IP/BghiP ratio
ガソリン : 0.22, ディーゼル: 0.50, 石炭: 1.3
(Grimmer et al, 1983; Yassaa et al, 2001)
! IP/BghiP in the fourteen cities
夏 :0.75 to 2.66 (1.15 ± 0.50)
冬: 0.98 to 1.37 (1.15 ± 0.12)
Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene (IP)
Benzo(ghi)perylene(BghiP)
Levoglucosan���%{�jLèiĶµêë&m����P
Levoglucosan is a dominant sugar in the Chinese aerosolsand at least 10 times more abundant than any other sugars.Concentrations: winter >> summer. In addition to coal,biofuels (woods etc) are still common energy source inChina. Levoglucosan is very hygroscopic and can act asCCN.
OO
CH2OH
O
OH
OH
O
n
O
HO OHHO
Pyrolysis
Cellulose Levoglucosan
;<=>
?@=>
ABCDEFG(CCN)
ÒÅ�
H2O
ìÑ
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H2O
í`ì�:îïðñ'
H2O
(òóôõÑö?\ß)
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Hygroscopicity-Tandem Differential Mobility Analyzer (H-TDMA)
•*Fb2cdefghij
•*Dp=10k400 nm ld
•*=>ABCDEFG2mnopnijqrs
tuvmnwcx
100nmypzFGh{|}w
c}FG2J~}ypzij}J
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DMA1DMA2
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Meta-stable
supersaturated condition
**Unsaturated
**condition
DRH
DRH = 80 % RH
Levoglucosan Particle
- Hydration<4%RH ! RH set point
- Dehydration<4%RH ! 100%RH
! RH setpoint
O
OHHO
HO
O
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Daytime samples
0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
0 20 40 60 80 100
RH%
LW
C
June 29, 2005
MIS/(MIS+WSOM)=0.30
June 30, 2005
MIS/(MIS+WSOM)=0.74
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