01 Motherboards

8/2/2019 01 Motherboards

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The Motherboard

A+ Hardware Lecture 1


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Motherboards

Connects all PC components 3 types of motherboard Form factor, chipset, expansion slots, components XT (Extended Technology) AT (Advanced Technology)

ATX (Advanced Technology Extended) Intel vs. AMD ZIF vs SEC


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XT Motherboard

1981 IBM PC 1 Mb RAM 8 bit bus Configured using jumpers

Designed aroung 8088 processor


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AT Motherboard

RAM SIMMsockets

PCI slots

ISA slots

CPU ZIFsocket

IDE

FDD

PrinterCOM 1+2

P8 and P9

Keyboard


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AT Motherboard

Configured using CMOS Multiple clock speeds

16 bit bus First used by 80286 (1982) Single keyboard DIN connector Used P8 and P9 connectors to power the

motherboard Used SIMM RAM Uses AT case and AT power supply Lack of external ports


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Inserting P8 and P9 connectors

NB: Black wire to black wire


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286

CPU

Memory Controller

16 bit address bus

Simm 1(30 pin)

8 bits wide

Simm 2(30 pin)

8 bits wide

8 bit

Memory bus

16 bit data bus

Two 8-bit SIMMs are banked together to fit the 16 bit data bus

8 bit memory bus means that each SIMM can send or receive 8 bits of data at a time

Banking Memory - 80286


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386/486

CPU

Memory Controller

32 bit address bus

Simm 1(72 pin)

32 bits wide

32 bit memory bus 386 and 486 processors had a 32 bit memory bus. This meant that you could install a single SIMM

32 bit data bus

Memory 80386/80486


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ATX Motherboard

Need for a new form factor 2 IDE sockets Supports 184-pin DDR RAM Older ATX boards support 168-pin DIMM

RAM Pentium 4 ATX boards use RIMM RAM


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ATX Motherboard

Processorzif socket

RAM DIMMsockets

Floppy DiskDrive Controller

IDE 1 and IDE 2

CMOS battery

Northbridge

P1 or ATXpower connectorAGP Slot

PCI Slots

USB, Serial, Parallel,Keyboard, mouse Ports


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ATX Motherboard

Introduced in 1995 All I/O ports on the board

Single 20-pin P1 connector Later ATX boards also use ATX 12v connector 3.3V/2.8V direct from PSU

Uses mini-din (PS/2) for keyboard/mouse Soft power MicroATX, FlexATX


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Motherboard Chipsets

Chipset = a group of microchips that togethercontrol a major function of the motherboard

Northbridge show pic main pathway betweenCPU, RAM and AGP

Southbridge show pic manages basicinput/output such as serial, USB, IDE and PCI

Super I/O chip


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Pentium

CPU

North Bridge(Memory Controller)

32 bit address bus

Dimm 1(168 pin)

64 bits wide

64 bit memory bus

64 bit data bus

frontside bus

The data bus and the address bus are collectively know as the frontside bus

The Northbridge chip connects all intelligent peripherals e.g.CPU, RAM,graphics

Memory Pentium


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Pentium

CPU

North Bridge(Memory Controller)

32 bit address bus 64 bit data bus

frontside bus L2 Cache(in the CPU housing on die)

backside bus

L1 cache

RAM

memory bus

AGPAGP bus

South Bridge PCIPCI bus

scanner

modem

sound

EIDE

ISA

ISA bus keyboard

mouse

FDD

BIOS

HDD

CD/DVD

How it all connects together


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Buying a motherboard

Intel or AMD processor Asus, Abit, Gigabyte, Tyan, Shuttle ATX case and ATX power supply Clock speed


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Troubleshooting Motherboards

Burn-in failure PC wont boot Incorrectly seated RAM Incorrectly seated Graphics Card

Power surges ESD Intermittant faults

01 Motherboards

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