• . CONTENTS EDITORIAL ADVERTISING POLICY FORUM EDITORIAL FLU VACCINE AND HAJJ IMPLICATIONS Article 1. REPRODUCTION RESPONSES OF HEAT STRESSED HOLSTEIN COWS SUPPLEMENTED WITH CHELATED CHROMIUM Article 2 OSTEOPOROSIS : INFLUENCE OF LIFESTYLE AND TYPE-2 DIABETES MELLITUS AGED MEN Article 3 HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS IN MAKKAH, KlNGDOMOF SAUDI ARABIA Article 4 EXPERlMENTAL ST UDY OF THE I-V C HARA CTERl STIC OF GaN- METAL O NTACT Article 5 SOME CULTURAL CONDITIONS FOR MAXlMUM BIOEXTRACTION OF GRAPEFRUIT WASTE PECTJN BOOK REVIEW IS THERE AN ETHICIST IN THE HOUSE? On the Cutting Edge of Bioethics FORTHCOMING AND FUTURE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCES AND SYMPOSIA
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CONTENTS
EDITORIAL ADVERTISING POLICY
FORUM EDITORIAL FLU VACCINE
AND HAJJ IMPLICATIONS
Article 1 REPRODUCTION RESPONSES OF HEAT STRESSED HOLSTEIN
COWS SUPPLEMENTED WITH CHELATED CHROMIUM
Article 2 OSTEOPOROSIS INFLUENCE OF LIFESTYLE AND
TYPE-2 DIABETES MELLITUS I~fMIDbLE AGED MEN
Article 3 HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS
IN MAKKAH KlNGDOMOF SAUDI ARABIA
Article 4 EXPERlMENTAL STUDY OF THE I- V
CHARACTERlSTIC OF GaN- METAL ONTACT
Article 5 SOME CULTURAL CONDITIONS FOR MAXlMUM
BIOEXTRACTION OF GRAPEFRUIT WASTE PECTJN
BOOK REVIEW IS THERE AN ETHICIST IN THE HOUSE
On the Cutting Edge of Bioethics
FORTHCOMING AND FUTURE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCES AND SYMPOSIA
REPRODUCTION RESPONSES OF HEAT STRESSED HOLSTEIN CO tV s SLPPLElENTEU VITH CHETATED C HRO IJl lJl
M Y AI-SaiadyA Makkawi A Azizb H H Mogawe~ T A AI-Showeimia H A
Ibrahims and M_A AI-Shaikhc
~ I~ SC() 1ltCdidl ltlmiriol1 f Tcchnicil Slrvice DqulHltlll PO f) x i~4-S middotfiytltih II S9 K middotII- i ~d1l1 Iii IIdi
VClbij II D~f-LtllI r I -nilJl-IJ p()d(J( I ()(I Cu~Ict r grjeulnJr-J SluJiJ~~ SuJ nfl UrlJmiddotlToily lJl ScjClI 1 middot1middotIllldcy
c DL~flllI 41 1Anirnl1 PrmlUCli(lll C()lk~c Ol griCllltuI( Kirlg S1Jlj Unlty cl_ I J4Ii() III Ygt1l111 114 I
Kill~kIi~1 II ~ lIdi phi ~ 1
ABSTRICT On~ IWIl(iru i pUc lparlll[l1 IIlUilipnolJ s ThlSft-in
la(r~ltillg c(JlV - V(le used iO study tl1~ elCecl (If
cl1tlI[1 (illnll1iulTI -iuppemelll~li()n on
rejllOd lIel i pEr formallcc of Ho I lLi II CC)middotS
under srlli-driti Clllj [011 lll rn The cxpcrirncmal
(I 11 irn a I wen lil1durnly divjel(d inlOlvQ groups 50 (OW i 11 CJch rhe lirCl group IlIS feu a
COlttlol di(~1 rOT lwdVL 1l101lllls while llie ~(COlld
ln)lJjl ias fu a con1ro l diet for 9 mumbs then
ftd the c()llIJol Jiet lJpplemenleJ wilh clir)nliuf] cnS( during he summer mOJlrll s (illly Jgi)ST 111d Ser1emtiel) Cillomiull1 Va aJJnl a m lI11lLlcturcr s rccol1111l(1Il1c u Jci
(I i litil lidltl 1 The t(Iag ill ) lIHU I)1 ancl lliulJJlIJIlI Ii) 1(lrll~t~I-JTlHC r ri11rill2 rhf lt11I1 11Wshy
mon1hs (c1i( arlu 25_00C fCPCClivc]y The IVlII~ kllIPIiIUIlt- llutllidicy indo wltisSI 6 Ull it~ Jdding chromiulY YC8Q tn the dt(t of
uair_gt 11) siglli iic-111l1y (PlaquoL01) uCCfeJscu cilving inte[val (45101+1213 to 41361+920) d)) npel (174 2+-11 to l J(77+Sl(n) ilild llltllibn 01 s trice~ per C()[Jceplion (S111 USR l()
175+0431 CJlnillllulll also silIi iiCilllly alto() I) inu (gtl~(1 COfJu~ption r(l le at J
inscmillullorl (I S() III 1 middot1 9 C and cdvill I-tc
191 _X4- r) 9~05(( PltOOJ) Il is cuncluded lhat
JdcliJlg j leliled chromillin to lilc diet of dlry CO S lilhkr he~I tre significJnny improved iqnli11 t i vc PIId II )LI( r
per concepi011 increased in both lluigtlcill 1llJ Jer~cy herJs hen ltlmr ienL Lernr~ ra[ltn~ jmTeil~c(L )ltilY (( (fIll reported (-t11 cmv Urltle- I
healWE~ hud the 1()11 fq c d villt il I(~t 11111
rcqujn~cl tlie most ~ cn-icc~ per corlCcplill The rj~e in ambielli lm~1-(iilUrG durillg lI ()n I 1_1 1-
as()ctukrJ vVilll COllCClllilln ( 1)( ((I( I iliil
ikcJilicJ frUTH 6) lo middot1 - llL11 re ctal t(mperltlrur inci ltcd l C - iord1lI I lit
J7Cartmill Cl I11 ltIl)d lngnl)am d u I - f(~pullcJ Lhal CR uccli ncJ from 6 ( 10 Ylf)~ vhCf1 Ihe
THf jtl C rCl ~co from 6g to n JI)rcilll
eV21luuten firsl ltel~Y(CI in l h~ld v-il]l d ()O d
volufilary v liLiflg pe-ri((j mclrcj)or1ed th ~H 1(1-
cal Ving ill [llc summer hpoundJd lh l 11 C Imiddotj -1shy
ltcrvic conception rale
ChJUllliwil (Cr) is teTlerally kr)(v[) as a nutrient rllar I)Or~ntiatc instl1ill tCtioll alJe lim i ll fllJ~ ncei carh(hydra[c~ lipid nr 11 middot11-111
l1lcLn)nliTTl 9 Chromium htnt in-lIlill 10 CtlI
1l1tmblane receplur oi l~ eVlle ri ~ W-LIHI tronsport gillco( ~ I1d lIrlinn ~Ic i ds jll ~ ldc rI e ce1J20 _ By lt)plimiill~ inilJlill 1 ~ Jii y 11 1((
uptt ke by celb i- hdLel- ngLlI~trd litc l-ehy
controlling blood glucuse level W id JI IX I II JII~ ff1cIT Y polenti Jl_
The C()IIII~ i lL(i~ un 1i n1l1 J IIl i 1 ( I
nRC)~ ~val lJ lr 1 IK still I 1
-
~llpplcl1lcnlmi()n rOrll ilven srujics pcrfmmcd III (1~ iIY rHlk lWCnLY stUC]l( j1eriormcd iniJccf cirtl e m J sevell studies pcdOflllxl iTl ~ heep The [I)li ll c()rc lus iom wtrt illcon)ist cncy tHllOllg Lile
h ulls nf thGs- slud les WIU in lltt l lienc) ur lJilahk da ta gC IlGralc( tjom thcn l III altcs Cr l c qlil(~ llIelll~ foc fum inI1S It Via also c )JI ~ hJ kd tkll dielry supp[emeJl(alioti uf Cr LuulJ hL hCllcficial fur the Ilcallh arid vell bGitlg
of 11111lllClllLgt durillg ([me ~ of Slfcss Chmmillll1
C ()1l ~idcI(1 tll i I1 ll~ - cst Ilde recc nty IkI()ll(l~ ill lJ ~ in g C( itS tn~~ IYC~ll1i ( cLllnl
bull ~I-=i )1
1~1llIl ~ ~ pITj)MllIJll 1111 11(par[ulll pnuJ- - H -lt- litL Ie illtorrnlTion ilt il~lituhle 011 tile Ln ~C I (If SU Ill klTHrlli ng ch Oll li LIITI Oil
l JlJ(Ijlil ~ lie p c rr()Jma rh~ u f C V ~ ll ndcr IH)~
~ JII)]IICI co C rJiri~II Th( Olj lTljv~ of Illl r jxi ilHI1( I ~ In IUale the 1(gtPO I( or li() l ~ 1lPIUduLlldll jlMUTlCler lif OI le in
~(IW J_iI Sl])jlklllcnliil ( l li~ I llcI hl(gtm)ufl)
i llrillg IICl I I)()lll h ~
f1ATERIALS Id) fFTllODS jgtlJ ilA 1 - iI[) Vl l eTS
Tk I ld ~ ~ I j I I middotJw ry fl l r ll l tO 1 111 ()Llfh (If
- bull -cl YIi rl I Ii l ll j I Ulgt I l OW II Jndlc~lj
[1shy
triUlliplrulls 11()bld II bl LIIIJ1~ U T~ lJ ~~J
in lhi~ IlilL lhc ( XI1NirllVJJI1I p_r iod va 12 I ) 1 1-m onths an( cow~ pant) LIII ~ lt rl ()l ll 10
l l l larioll These dn imlh wue 1llldJJlI y ltl~ klkd
rrOn1 (he h-ru and rilllciNllly lIi lj kd i lilo Ii)
JOllpS vr SO (()~ CI CI1 lJll rnll[l 1- i(~(1
dliling 1he encire CXi~tljl TWrtl [ 1__Ij- d )[1 a
corn)o] diel (T lbk I) 111 j 10111111(1((1 tC
ha ve all the IleCcltIY Illi l ricnl 10 Inl or
(~ V(cJ the rcqutnrncllT s jJJIIIJltllllcd by Ihe
NRC-iO Tlle)t (ond gruur 11 [(if U lI)Iol (Illt
fin l ) montllgt and then - UpkIl1Cllllod ill l
dllUTllUlll yeagtl (Al ltcch [I li idl(iI I~ ilk [(y
L S J Chroll1l11ni W[ ldltl((1 11 fl 1lIwl aC 1Ll lac
fCcOrir lllllJcd 1(1( 1 (4t-illd idIY) IJIII ill g I llc
remJining rhree mOll1l III Jul y Alletht lIlil
Scplct1lhn hid l rL rlCC ~Il1( I rl ll 11( ILk-(
rIwnlll s anJ dlnillg liid 11ll JJlinLl I lll
u--ulily exposlJ II) [w 1 Ie C()W~ UI fed ~l
lOut mixed 1)li u ll (I MIlt ) c llli )ill j of (() (()llCClI lralc mE x till tiKI 4W 1()I l I~ i 1 I ( gt
vere Kept Il nckl all CV[~l 1iltlli (~ _on l i 11 ~ y~l(lI
dlli II~ SU TIllllt r m nlllli
ChelJell c ll romilJ lli i ~ I 1111 1 ilii I~j d
1i itkJll LIIIIIJ1illlll-ni ( ()[illi Jii l T 1 ili)
Ilpmds Ie gllllltllnic KicJ C i c il ilt lIl il Iein i( l ~ ploducd hy ~ilIII Y(l~ III l j11
c hr~Il)il J IIledt J (C hIUHI )lIlli IIgtl id() 111 vill iLh ihl ~lbc)ve = ltImino ~hid ~ VLli~ iWUllll T I)( l ypL o f Y(i( lIcd ws 1 ~ll-ijll ~f Viallit lll lllll~ 01
SIiICIw(onlni r(nilaf wilh Ull llI III l lilll 01
26 ll)~g TilL yeJgtT t1(11 died [11 I n if1inl-(d ((mpCrallJl~ during lhe (11)illiC [lnilC~ ()11gt__ 11 [nc -~idll~Ilvilk Ky U~gti Hj~JI dicer culllell) N(TC dCicrmilwJ accqrd jl (U UC
I
f ()r lnJdf pi ulci II 11) n 1 SI 1 I i lIh hUl1 iln
iraquo rraCI ILl no 9(J) I i j ci dCil l n( ti he
IAUI) ~ ll) d n e ll ) l CicllTfcn r li h1 IHH) VCIC
~bS[y((J u si ne 111lt (1 lph~i 1I1I I lelt Ill Il()1 o i 111
So )1 t (I) ~ ThL rl(~l t 1l lt r l 1 1111 h 1~llinl l r [ 1(1) CO ll ~ C l]tralioll (1 [ t i le di ~[ V-d (~I II I~I Cil Di i~lllrV rnk illrn ilnd [)liop I1l1l() II gt CIL
nt ( rflliumiddotLi I) J1 1I1Ii l ~hn lll i Jl
gt-ptc llopIKI(CltlllLlgt ( fluJc l 1[1 flll~ l) ~lljllJ1
S iC IIlifil CJTIlcridFej
PROTOCOL r em I rgtJs rJf [ I( )-j
CA [ VTN Ci c r D CH i( )111 bull~1
U 111 3vl [1ltJ~Tl Ur 111 order 1 IIl l middot- i f1i f l I 11 01 1
d Ol In l iU lllmr r W 11 _ ~
~ I C illl lIli 1111(0(1 ill J itd Wl 1I1 T k
-
juri rht [cliod l f JC[li~ -U)ll1 T ll i periclcI
nincikrJ will ) rl(~ pCik of helt ~ [rss ill lilc
cCIHmj IcgHl[l Th ~ C()i Ven~ agllii bred Iw ing Ihe arnc pcri()(l1 in order If cli v e
[JnlClrnK U iKco rdlllf 10 Sl i W litlLl oplr1r ill pmnrurc 0 1 111C diliry ~lrld JIJ U)lv -vel breLl hy IItifiliiI irl(llliriril)l I~ f) The (o[JoINing
rq)l( l lillctiVL pr) lllue r VC1~ calculaleu for elch c() cIllill~ the IV I-c l1on tl) (J[ (11lt
cAperillenlat peri od
bull C1J illt il ller d
bull Nllrnbcr of sCIvilc pl f ((lTlccplion
bull Dil ys fWlHcaivillgto ( heaL
bull O~I~S from Cil lng 10 r irscmil1il(iol1 bull C onc[([01l rllt (Ire~nJn I covsilnscmini[c1
COWS)
bull C()[lcltpli oTi ( i t( f(ulTI 1 irlsemillill()ll
(PlcgnlIlt lt~ OoS fU ll first i Il elli i nll ioni J1~ tol n i n1l ~c1 IO-VS)
bull Caivill rlLL ((ltII t-I I middot cowlnt~I1illatcrl rII~)
1 ()r Ilt (~ middotdv Pmiddot IiH I ImiddotIll o h(T~ caicllJaled lor tck i (roup dllrill ~ I )h Xr-CIIIllCI1Tli pCJioq
AI1n I [NT TElP[R TURI LIinHll11 1110 n11ninllitll ltl lllbienl
elllpcllIl1n dry IIIU wtt- hulh temperatures -(Te recocl1 (1li Iy arH1 Tcrl1jlCralUre-H tJmi ()i I Y Indcx CIH I) was ~~ d(llJitccl KCl))dill~ lO fHlI -- 1 ( I ( I
TI(( 072(TJhmiddotI Tvlh) 11fJ6 Tdh-=ICl1lpc r IIIICG o f Icy hulb Tvh-~r jp(rit llIrc ltIf vet hu lh
STATISTICAL iJLSrS Dal1 t( ~ llbJc~ICCl to -talisticll
dn lly~ i ~ Ill fI Ii i SAS pr()grltn SAS J9SJ l lt
The gCl lCldJ l i ll~Il Illudel (jIf1 mil le J~Ishy lJ llalc Ill l IIl- (lStvlTMS) were appli~d lO lllC
di( it TIK~ cic ci 0 1 rrcarlTlcnJ 011 SOll)(
1(pn)(1LI i c paraillLltr~ 1gt- k~lcd lIll~ the lu i lmv i n~ Ill() lc 1
v ii llt r + l Vltcr(middot
bull Itt -bull - jmiddot Tmiddotmiddot 1I1n fi r I tH~ J l Jltal l1l( nl
ppu J 1(If n nt j(
1i
T = lrcHmclll U= I (1 2) eiJ ~ fcsid lIaJ emIr
JUSLLTS JETEOlltOIDC ](1 Co J)I[ r() NS
figure (I ) dGp i( l ~ Uli IlietC(j [() llg j~i ll elMii (( ~lir(kJ uurin g Ih~ (x pCriln c lll ~ tI rUl nd illh)u~11 al l )n im ah were kepi II t)( kr 111
cO lling S - ~ lcrn o f rhc farlll Jll rJI ~ lI~ r l lt) lt r months veJage TI I1 Wi ( 1(1 rigllfC (J IMIV
thJ l Ihe l10rtcQ 11111111 h 0[ (jl( el WI~Il~ J 1I I
Augu( and Scptrm bu -rIre IILn i IIHI n
tcmlx~rtlir( ulllillg Ihe~e H111lllli HInged Im ill middot-1SJi TO 4(J o-C Ahife 1111 lInil r 1I 1-cd )14(11
fK9 to Nl i_rhus DLteding lile Ilpp~r nilicd
lilllit of THT (72 illl i(~) for dli ly 11 1lt1( i I(
v hi c h J([imals HIll suffer f mln iW H 11 II i ~ U()c lJlT)ct1[cd llia(in (he centlCLI rq i()n of Sllldi
1lt11[1 uuiry LOWS slIffLr IT- o I)) hcat lrc~s eVe l1 Vi lh lirificii c()(JJi n~ middot
REPRODt~CTIVF PAR)Imiddot1ETEkS Additg chro mium y e)lt[ ~o ll( ciiu i
uairy co alf e itcd (he cfftCl uf llit hal ~ Ir l--lt cIlJing ~H rll[ Jler m()I1tIIS Jc~u J lirlg irl il i~ii fiL ilrll l(nC I ~C in cah illg iliter-I In)1i I~ I()Imiddot~I I j
lu i J3 61t() 10 (i lYS OplTl frolll I I I 2 Ill 1)1
lO t middotS77+-907 anel Illlrl1hu oi n I(C Illl
tOllci ptiPII I Ie111 ltA4-+05f (1) 1751 fll1
(PltlJ UJ) Chromiulll J1~o [J1(f ~ I--(~(l cOln~~ril1 rate from firSl insemi nat ion from r5( II
)o1 ltYk ltl nil cJ]v ing ra te I[()lll () Igtl 10 ()rl() )( (1ltOOl 011 the n 1J1CT ill1(L ltilk1lIJg Cliro rllitlfil
did not (ioversell ~iftcct (bys TO po- t]1artlJlIl 1 middot 1
li el l nor d ~lYS (0 P()s tp~irlllill 1 1) gt-CCT1III~l tlon Inc] (oll cLjJliull nJle (T(lbk 2)
The IIIcleuroiogi ca ~
durillg summer rnHl(h~ JnimJI nny ~ ul[tr Iro m
heal Slres inc( THf lxcec(kd ll ll UPpCI trili cai limit (72 Ti ll Ull j)) rut eLli]) In k
Tl lj cOlrobUlil lt previOI1 S I in d illg~ Ihll in Ih e
cellWl1 region of SlllUi iruhilt (birv C(gt Id l l1
1n))H I1clt s tress 11cspj(C (1)( llS~ o f J( ilicrd
COOlillz iY The prese nl lmiddote ldl~ lvcled Ili ) h~1 Gdvi ng in ren(ll d~IY opt1l aIl d mllll hlt 1)1
~~crvin~ pe r nnCGptiOJl i l l Cl llt)o l -i I U (I kd crQUP which lay he dll In ilf JI qn~s~ dic([ - I l I l i111 Ilf ) t re~1 lS i~I~l( It 1 pre (I ~ l ll ll t -
~ P ~Illd Oll r 11 bt isli Li (bl IL I bull I bull
-middotIIP Imiddot)k nI Cm~llio l~ rCUlI ccd the - H~l lr hel ( ~ Il
-
Oll productioll Lct()r~ while mi lk yield wa igIJifican c y increased The re5ulls have also in1iLukd cltu add ing Cr lo th~uift of htclnti ll g Jai ) C()~ i~~i nficltlnt Iy imprO llI oome ur rhe IlprocluCli w parameters nHtllcly calving inlcrvmiddotiI days op~ n and numbel nfscrviccent$ per ()I t(c p(io l) Jher( j a de~lnh of i rl iorillalion (n the dfcc( qf Cr suppleme ntation OIJ reproduction of b cr(l (i Jlg dairy cows BryHl ( I lit) reported
fhll chrOJlJium sLlpplc rnenled C)NS kndccl to
111lt n 11irhcr (1lt01) 28~~J p regllancy raLe than cPlllrol cows rUll g et (Itll also repo ned hi gher cl nception lIlel l()w(T days () Pl~J1 on Crshy~u ll p Jelll[~lllc-d cows l1(I) cont rol animal s On the oliler hand P~ dlova ([ ar reponed thel( o- UP[)IClllenling chromium 10 J ~il y cow die JlOl
~iglljfj( ilnr[y Jffccl reprochlcl i ve h ll ldic)ns
I lownmiddoter (l C[Hicncy IcnvarJ higher COllCC[l li(lll
nHcS vts ronnd in the i1IolnillD1 ~ur]l lell1 ([llc d
~rollp III )C- nc l C01111110 11 repoll ~e tQer
sLlppIeIllCHlliil n i ~ i ncreased Il lle r sii1 4J bull rile
t)Iopocd mltchalli rn of -v1lich is il lCIeJscd
In diell) SLJr-pJemcn lat j011 for lti~1iry C()W~ Ulilkt hCll l ie i 111J11oved the rcprod ll Gl i Vl cifICICllly Tti impn)vqne lH cOl de bl duC to illlflI ()VCU rl~d
j[wke amI pl l)gtioioglla l cel l slj(U i ot il(middot ani mal) lolll)l-ing Cr suppIC mnIal imt
ACK1OLF-I)(JEM ENTS
A1thors wish to cprelt-$ deere-I lll prcc lilljr)[
lO all th(~ rnemLlTS (1 macl (bil) hl(li Iilh ~ p(cjal than ks w 1r AbduLlah 1 illl)tih 11[1 Ibrahim AI- IJubaib Jvlr JVlidlilil r Ki lkenny
lrld [k HfmoacoTl Adllr) Orn ~lJ_ r(l llfIj i II~ Ju l
the Vor l Our grlliludc 0 Dr Ddll r10-1- for hii lClh 11 jUt ~ ltpp)n [1cciiI hlliK l
extended LO [IIr Norll llttli Vi h ~()) 1m ~di(i ll lhi manuscript
Tlbh I Chemi ca ~()n ~tittll nL of (be hpoundlsal diet fed to nlultiparl)lls HlIlstein lttll~
~ H~t)JC[l r J Drost ]1 RivCcii R M Palllci LI)I)~ ji 1- J KarHl ~llli Y 1 u 11 _ (iV(ISC impact or ilLI[ slre--middot Of) ulibryo pmrillLliol1 CpoundU-ilS ClJ1l1 SIriilColl- fl) mi Li 1la(lUIJ Thnluglt1l01ogy OO I 5 91 i 1)3
() I~ 1- NtlULy r D I~s~[) Ci A 5lkl)1 1 1J r llCC ( of jC 2l~()l1 ltlI1d level ui pluh1 ion 011 hC)llillltllI~~iCill vllJeS in Tl)[-I~irl ((1-
111amp111 T_niliL Sli 1 yg(-i Sh ~~11 ~i I
(I LAI J l~lJl ll D ReitHyl F F IIL _I
(11 kmpE l-alUI~ sC HSOl1 OJl bomiddoti fie lmiddotidlIMl
L()J li~d tlJllion blood c~ll prnfi k JII
m i l l prltdlllilIl I l)middot)iIY ~c iiIgt i) - O-I-l 1)
ILI L I U-L I U l ~ o~ ll_- f( I U I-I i ()111-[1[1]0 ~i(II awl
h(YQ OJ) h])ud dlnlIlIIlic- 1 d~jiry Ctlllr 1
DJilY Sci j l)~ l 64 62 -7IJ
l2 Washhurn Smiddot r Siv iil W J Rrtlvmiddot[t C I-I
C(Jn~LpliilI1 11 111 lldlIill C(W ill Ili J ))wry Sli_ l (( --f 2i-( zno_
I () klfl V CllOl)llJlll in ]IlJiTlJil Illllli)ll i
leV - I ~lJ II I q I - (
2(1 KHlIl t ll I 11( bull 111111
kSOlI ill l lllln llUI I lln
ElculIJiln jl~lmiddot 1 ))CL
18
Nr~c The role (1f ClJrorlliurri ][I animal21shylullirion COIIllllitxmiddot on Animal NLirrill(1lJ -thi 11 glOIi DC Jiltiolli-ti
caJn-I of ScicllcC-gt-il[lonal ReseClrch
Council 1997
RUIlurI f L Ke-j1lIi rVl j-lt 1 Kilpi 1 S U f 5(J2 R l 1lttgUlatiort of L-clecLin arid eel] g Oil tmvllltmiddot nClItrupltiis by g-l ucocortlcoilh EffecI or corrisol 1Ild deKitlTwth1S0JlC J LCllk HiuL 19()pound) ~ S ~1 )1
1) JlIrlorl J L Ivlallard [I A rvl~wnt D N EJrc~h or suppk m(l1tal cillOrlliUrll on
iTrllllUnc IrmiddotS[J()nse- ~ of pelipaltll ricnt tlCJd
carly la~Llli()1l Jairy cov J Anim ~ci
19 1jJ 71 15J2
24 (inllllrntJ [~ R fJi oloy or lipid-related ITIC[ilhntlc di sorders in [Criparmrient dairy cmmiddots 1 D)iry i 1993 76~ 38~2-J896
2) CnnC3 1 T Ertgt J [ ~ Scarlerf J PaLh
iHlU lysi s Im seven l-lu)LJilrtUll1 disonler- uC Hulsllil) i( ~ I l)liry Sci 199J 7()
I ~U)- I 11 2
2( Cuppock C L EnClgi nutritlon and
)flcllbol~Slll 01 fhe 1l-~IMirlg duiry COv
J Dair) Sci 1985 6gmiddot )4()3-_HHl
27 Co l ier JZ J IVllNulTlara J P IaI18ce C R IJdlOlf rl H A l-vic-v u[ ~CHlUCri JJC
regulation ot metabolisll1 during lacratioll J [lilli sci ()~1 51) middotV)g-S 1O
28 Debr1S 12 CJizucj I i na E Tcssc-raud S C](ilmprcdnll C Aml) iVI Insulin
~eI1SrlVlly Jnd re~ron-1enes) Juring ideratioll and uy peJilJd in guats Am 1 pilleiol I (JS9 ]5(1 29)-02
29 011lU H Nakai L Korrda 1 lerashimltl Y Insu lin rcspOTl jvlncs LU glucusl and li osuc lCspon)lel1~s ro in~ulill ill l Ictali l) p1e2ll1ll ~ j rrd n(l1pr~gnlIll
liunla~ t l jl l bed COmiddotmiddot 1 Anim )Cl
19JI W 1122 1127
lt- ~c Jlitf bulld Pe~ ltlf h Council U [ I L n( Fcq1I 1middott1llenL ()C I )ome-I I C
Animals 7 revi(( middot cdliJoll - lIir1 i[(II
DC --mc 200 j
31 AOAC ASSOClUlion (r Otf[lj~tl nllyll11
17 ilCilerTli-ts Official l1elhod of iTIIIYI~ cditrorL Wahingroll DC ]0( 2()()()
T2 Varl Soest P J Robcrbon T I~ [A Vj Ii i Vle ll)()(b for dielarytibN Il c lllr~d i1clergl l)l fjber and nonltlarch POIY~(ilcha riJ( III
relalion to animal tlmrilioll middot J j)lilY u
1lt)r I 74 Y)8J-]597 ~~ V(iss V P E Li rm Ling ilVlildbk~ cncqry
COJltent of ked fur ddilY 1llrl- J fJ)iry ci 1lt)09~ 81 ~30~J9
J4 M~lJst L E v1cDmvti1 P F floo( II 1 W rtf~cr of Sutl)J[lcr llllllCImiddot on
perfOmltlnCeof llo1 sIcin C(JS in Ir~ lirllc sage u llaclalioD J Dairy Sci 1(n 55 133-1 YJ
35 SS ll~~cr guide St~tisric (trY r~( S )
ln st lilL~ 1098
36 Johnson H D Bi()eli1llal~~ IIHI liv lmk III
John oll II D (lt1 GloclirrIC)lUilgy arll1 jill
1JIJllt1tioli of Jivl~Lp(k mslndllll ltthedll1cls EJsmiddotiLT S~llT1(X lIhll-Jlne
HV19iHt
37 Collier R J Beede 0 K Tatchcr r 1 [ ld
L A ViJcQ C J IntlllcrCcS of l r y iIO(OI [l1
and its lTIodifi LiILioll on cbiry ~ lllimlr hGl ll
and prodnctioll J Dtlir) Sci 19~2 ()i 22Ushy2227
]ji AI-HaiJary A A Iogilai I A AIh~lilh 11 Tlw cHeer of heat srrcio 011 milk pnxlucli oll llId ltOll1e lllem-IOfeg1l1atory rcspofllt( of high proulJci [g Holstein cJtitt i 11 erni - l1 itl environment J of King Saud Uni A il ri Sci 20(J1 14 5-54
39 iI-Haiclary Alsogk[ir blt) Iil1 M Influence of Jl iHin su ppkrlh~ri (ion )I)
thermoregu lawry respOllseS Jnli r~rr()fIT)II1CC
ut- HOJsTC~1l caclle ULilillg the urrlrllcr 1f1lf1til
J of King Sltlud Urliv AgJ i S~I 211)J~ 1-
J-S
JOYlllg V 7 i) D N Sl ~ I y tI ~ I I ~ I
1lt r flec I pI lhromillnl ~Ippk I)Wllt l i 11 11I1
middot11 Jbvirli i [ifnl1lcr D H BllLics S J Sock ~1 T Crummer R R Effec l ur cil[omillln suppJenlcilWtion on proJuc1ion 111M rmlabo lie paramclc[s i ll
peripmtlic1lt dairy cows J Dairy Sci
2(jO I t4 l2 1~-1230
middotr 1 Saiady tvl y AI-Shaikh M A AIshyMuiarrej S J AI-Shovei][li TA jl(J~mer H H 1 ltJI fJCecl of chLm~d clmHnil1n1 Slppkl1ltn(i(1~ 011 l ilC1alion perrorm~ln r e Hlri huud pa1melers or Hols(in cows
1I1lCkl hCJl ~lres ] Ani Irlal l-ecJ Science allJ Tcd lflO[Ogy 2()()4~ 1 I i~ 123-23 1
-13 Br)) 1 A Socha Vi T Tomtinsol D J Url~CI of upplLmeming ird ell~dy grltllcd ble gC18tlOll and early hlcrarioll dairy c(m~ virh c hrum iullI-L-f11Clhi()linc Jshy[)ii IY ~ii 200 8()fSllppll ) abs(Jcr
f 1 ~ II ~l A (c d ) 1 mldll L The in Il l le l kT of c~l ll) m iUlI) ~lI PjJkll1llllCili DJI
~oJ)cc nrf1tioll s ([11 gr1llltln1 cell hll l llill
lIwnollir gIJnaJrJlnif1i 11 hi nt iIll i II ~ill B io Hpmd 1990 ~ middot13 l -7
1K Cox N ~1 Slultlr( 11 J Alhcll T (i IkllllCU W A Miller H V Cnllllf lllenl or UVUI ll iOII rak
ill gillS by inciea~irt dicl1JY cllcrgymd administering insuli[1 during jolllcliar llovth J Anim ~ci 1987 64 5U7 --lh
REPRODUCTION RESPONSES OF HEAT STRESSED HOLSTEIN CO tV s SLPPLElENTEU VITH CHETATED C HRO IJl lJl
M Y AI-SaiadyA Makkawi A Azizb H H Mogawe~ T A AI-Showeimia H A
Ibrahims and M_A AI-Shaikhc
~ I~ SC() 1ltCdidl ltlmiriol1 f Tcchnicil Slrvice DqulHltlll PO f) x i~4-S middotfiytltih II S9 K middotII- i ~d1l1 Iii IIdi
VClbij II D~f-LtllI r I -nilJl-IJ p()d(J( I ()(I Cu~Ict r grjeulnJr-J SluJiJ~~ SuJ nfl UrlJmiddotlToily lJl ScjClI 1 middot1middotIllldcy
c DL~flllI 41 1Anirnl1 PrmlUCli(lll C()lk~c Ol griCllltuI( Kirlg S1Jlj Unlty cl_ I J4Ii() III Ygt1l111 114 I
Kill~kIi~1 II ~ lIdi phi ~ 1
ABSTRICT On~ IWIl(iru i pUc lparlll[l1 IIlUilipnolJ s ThlSft-in
la(r~ltillg c(JlV - V(le used iO study tl1~ elCecl (If
cl1tlI[1 (illnll1iulTI -iuppemelll~li()n on
rejllOd lIel i pEr formallcc of Ho I lLi II CC)middotS
under srlli-driti Clllj [011 lll rn The cxpcrirncmal
(I 11 irn a I wen lil1durnly divjel(d inlOlvQ groups 50 (OW i 11 CJch rhe lirCl group IlIS feu a
COlttlol di(~1 rOT lwdVL 1l101lllls while llie ~(COlld
ln)lJjl ias fu a con1ro l diet for 9 mumbs then
ftd the c()llIJol Jiet lJpplemenleJ wilh clir)nliuf] cnS( during he summer mOJlrll s (illly Jgi)ST 111d Ser1emtiel) Cillomiull1 Va aJJnl a m lI11lLlcturcr s rccol1111l(1Il1c u Jci
(I i litil lidltl 1 The t(Iag ill ) lIHU I)1 ancl lliulJJlIJIlI Ii) 1(lrll~t~I-JTlHC r ri11rill2 rhf lt11I1 11Wshy
mon1hs (c1i( arlu 25_00C fCPCClivc]y The IVlII~ kllIPIiIUIlt- llutllidicy indo wltisSI 6 Ull it~ Jdding chromiulY YC8Q tn the dt(t of
uair_gt 11) siglli iic-111l1y (PlaquoL01) uCCfeJscu cilving inte[val (45101+1213 to 41361+920) d)) npel (174 2+-11 to l J(77+Sl(n) ilild llltllibn 01 s trice~ per C()[Jceplion (S111 USR l()
175+0431 CJlnillllulll also silIi iiCilllly alto() I) inu (gtl~(1 COfJu~ption r(l le at J
inscmillullorl (I S() III 1 middot1 9 C and cdvill I-tc
191 _X4- r) 9~05(( PltOOJ) Il is cuncluded lhat
JdcliJlg j leliled chromillin to lilc diet of dlry CO S lilhkr he~I tre significJnny improved iqnli11 t i vc PIId II )LI( r
per concepi011 increased in both lluigtlcill 1llJ Jer~cy herJs hen ltlmr ienL Lernr~ ra[ltn~ jmTeil~c(L )ltilY (( (fIll reported (-t11 cmv Urltle- I
healWE~ hud the 1()11 fq c d villt il I(~t 11111
rcqujn~cl tlie most ~ cn-icc~ per corlCcplill The rj~e in ambielli lm~1-(iilUrG durillg lI ()n I 1_1 1-
as()ctukrJ vVilll COllCClllilln ( 1)( ((I( I iliil
ikcJilicJ frUTH 6) lo middot1 - llL11 re ctal t(mperltlrur inci ltcd l C - iord1lI I lit
J7Cartmill Cl I11 ltIl)d lngnl)am d u I - f(~pullcJ Lhal CR uccli ncJ from 6 ( 10 Ylf)~ vhCf1 Ihe
THf jtl C rCl ~co from 6g to n JI)rcilll
eV21luuten firsl ltel~Y(CI in l h~ld v-il]l d ()O d
volufilary v liLiflg pe-ri((j mclrcj)or1ed th ~H 1(1-
cal Ving ill [llc summer hpoundJd lh l 11 C Imiddotj -1shy
ltcrvic conception rale
ChJUllliwil (Cr) is teTlerally kr)(v[) as a nutrient rllar I)Or~ntiatc instl1ill tCtioll alJe lim i ll fllJ~ ncei carh(hydra[c~ lipid nr 11 middot11-111
l1lcLn)nliTTl 9 Chromium htnt in-lIlill 10 CtlI
1l1tmblane receplur oi l~ eVlle ri ~ W-LIHI tronsport gillco( ~ I1d lIrlinn ~Ic i ds jll ~ ldc rI e ce1J20 _ By lt)plimiill~ inilJlill 1 ~ Jii y 11 1((
uptt ke by celb i- hdLel- ngLlI~trd litc l-ehy
controlling blood glucuse level W id JI IX I II JII~ ff1cIT Y polenti Jl_
The C()IIII~ i lL(i~ un 1i n1l1 J IIl i 1 ( I
nRC)~ ~val lJ lr 1 IK still I 1
-
~llpplcl1lcnlmi()n rOrll ilven srujics pcrfmmcd III (1~ iIY rHlk lWCnLY stUC]l( j1eriormcd iniJccf cirtl e m J sevell studies pcdOflllxl iTl ~ heep The [I)li ll c()rc lus iom wtrt illcon)ist cncy tHllOllg Lile
h ulls nf thGs- slud les WIU in lltt l lienc) ur lJilahk da ta gC IlGralc( tjom thcn l III altcs Cr l c qlil(~ llIelll~ foc fum inI1S It Via also c )JI ~ hJ kd tkll dielry supp[emeJl(alioti uf Cr LuulJ hL hCllcficial fur the Ilcallh arid vell bGitlg
of 11111lllClllLgt durillg ([me ~ of Slfcss Chmmillll1
C ()1l ~idcI(1 tll i I1 ll~ - cst Ilde recc nty IkI()ll(l~ ill lJ ~ in g C( itS tn~~ IYC~ll1i ( cLllnl
bull ~I-=i )1
1~1llIl ~ ~ pITj)MllIJll 1111 11(par[ulll pnuJ- - H -lt- litL Ie illtorrnlTion ilt il~lituhle 011 tile Ln ~C I (If SU Ill klTHrlli ng ch Oll li LIITI Oil
l JlJ(Ijlil ~ lie p c rr()Jma rh~ u f C V ~ ll ndcr IH)~
~ JII)]IICI co C rJiri~II Th( Olj lTljv~ of Illl r jxi ilHI1( I ~ In IUale the 1(gtPO I( or li() l ~ 1lPIUduLlldll jlMUTlCler lif OI le in
~(IW J_iI Sl])jlklllcnliil ( l li~ I llcI hl(gtm)ufl)
i llrillg IICl I I)()lll h ~
f1ATERIALS Id) fFTllODS jgtlJ ilA 1 - iI[) Vl l eTS
Tk I ld ~ ~ I j I I middotJw ry fl l r ll l tO 1 111 ()Llfh (If
- bull -cl YIi rl I Ii l ll j I Ulgt I l OW II Jndlc~lj
[1shy
triUlliplrulls 11()bld II bl LIIIJ1~ U T~ lJ ~~J
in lhi~ IlilL lhc ( XI1NirllVJJI1I p_r iod va 12 I ) 1 1-m onths an( cow~ pant) LIII ~ lt rl ()l ll 10
l l l larioll These dn imlh wue 1llldJJlI y ltl~ klkd
rrOn1 (he h-ru and rilllciNllly lIi lj kd i lilo Ii)
JOllpS vr SO (()~ CI CI1 lJll rnll[l 1- i(~(1
dliling 1he encire CXi~tljl TWrtl [ 1__Ij- d )[1 a
corn)o] diel (T lbk I) 111 j 10111111(1((1 tC
ha ve all the IleCcltIY Illi l ricnl 10 Inl or
(~ V(cJ the rcqutnrncllT s jJJIIIJltllllcd by Ihe
NRC-iO Tlle)t (ond gruur 11 [(if U lI)Iol (Illt
fin l ) montllgt and then - UpkIl1Cllllod ill l
dllUTllUlll yeagtl (Al ltcch [I li idl(iI I~ ilk [(y
L S J Chroll1l11ni W[ ldltl((1 11 fl 1lIwl aC 1Ll lac
fCcOrir lllllJcd 1(1( 1 (4t-illd idIY) IJIII ill g I llc
remJining rhree mOll1l III Jul y Alletht lIlil
Scplct1lhn hid l rL rlCC ~Il1( I rl ll 11( ILk-(
rIwnlll s anJ dlnillg liid 11ll JJlinLl I lll
u--ulily exposlJ II) [w 1 Ie C()W~ UI fed ~l
lOut mixed 1)li u ll (I MIlt ) c llli )ill j of (() (()llCClI lralc mE x till tiKI 4W 1()I l I~ i 1 I ( gt
vere Kept Il nckl all CV[~l 1iltlli (~ _on l i 11 ~ y~l(lI
dlli II~ SU TIllllt r m nlllli
ChelJell c ll romilJ lli i ~ I 1111 1 ilii I~j d
1i itkJll LIIIIIJ1illlll-ni ( ()[illi Jii l T 1 ili)
Ilpmds Ie gllllltllnic KicJ C i c il ilt lIl il Iein i( l ~ ploducd hy ~ilIII Y(l~ III l j11
c hr~Il)il J IIledt J (C hIUHI )lIlli IIgtl id() 111 vill iLh ihl ~lbc)ve = ltImino ~hid ~ VLli~ iWUllll T I)( l ypL o f Y(i( lIcd ws 1 ~ll-ijll ~f Viallit lll lllll~ 01
SIiICIw(onlni r(nilaf wilh Ull llI III l lilll 01
26 ll)~g TilL yeJgtT t1(11 died [11 I n if1inl-(d ((mpCrallJl~ during lhe (11)illiC [lnilC~ ()11gt__ 11 [nc -~idll~Ilvilk Ky U~gti Hj~JI dicer culllell) N(TC dCicrmilwJ accqrd jl (U UC
I
f ()r lnJdf pi ulci II 11) n 1 SI 1 I i lIh hUl1 iln
iraquo rraCI ILl no 9(J) I i j ci dCil l n( ti he
IAUI) ~ ll) d n e ll ) l CicllTfcn r li h1 IHH) VCIC
~bS[y((J u si ne 111lt (1 lph~i 1I1I I lelt Ill Il()1 o i 111
So )1 t (I) ~ ThL rl(~l t 1l lt r l 1 1111 h 1~llinl l r [ 1(1) CO ll ~ C l]tralioll (1 [ t i le di ~[ V-d (~I II I~I Cil Di i~lllrV rnk illrn ilnd [)liop I1l1l() II gt CIL
nt ( rflliumiddotLi I) J1 1I1Ii l ~hn lll i Jl
gt-ptc llopIKI(CltlllLlgt ( fluJc l 1[1 flll~ l) ~lljllJ1
S iC IIlifil CJTIlcridFej
PROTOCOL r em I rgtJs rJf [ I( )-j
CA [ VTN Ci c r D CH i( )111 bull~1
U 111 3vl [1ltJ~Tl Ur 111 order 1 IIl l middot- i f1i f l I 11 01 1
d Ol In l iU lllmr r W 11 _ ~
~ I C illl lIli 1111(0(1 ill J itd Wl 1I1 T k
-
juri rht [cliod l f JC[li~ -U)ll1 T ll i periclcI
nincikrJ will ) rl(~ pCik of helt ~ [rss ill lilc
cCIHmj IcgHl[l Th ~ C()i Ven~ agllii bred Iw ing Ihe arnc pcri()(l1 in order If cli v e
[JnlClrnK U iKco rdlllf 10 Sl i W litlLl oplr1r ill pmnrurc 0 1 111C diliry ~lrld JIJ U)lv -vel breLl hy IItifiliiI irl(llliriril)l I~ f) The (o[JoINing
rq)l( l lillctiVL pr) lllue r VC1~ calculaleu for elch c() cIllill~ the IV I-c l1on tl) (J[ (11lt
cAperillenlat peri od
bull C1J illt il ller d
bull Nllrnbcr of sCIvilc pl f ((lTlccplion
bull Dil ys fWlHcaivillgto ( heaL
bull O~I~S from Cil lng 10 r irscmil1il(iol1 bull C onc[([01l rllt (Ire~nJn I covsilnscmini[c1
COWS)
bull C()[lcltpli oTi ( i t( f(ulTI 1 irlsemillill()ll
(PlcgnlIlt lt~ OoS fU ll first i Il elli i nll ioni J1~ tol n i n1l ~c1 IO-VS)
bull Caivill rlLL ((ltII t-I I middot cowlnt~I1illatcrl rII~)
1 ()r Ilt (~ middotdv Pmiddot IiH I ImiddotIll o h(T~ caicllJaled lor tck i (roup dllrill ~ I )h Xr-CIIIllCI1Tli pCJioq
AI1n I [NT TElP[R TURI LIinHll11 1110 n11ninllitll ltl lllbienl
elllpcllIl1n dry IIIU wtt- hulh temperatures -(Te recocl1 (1li Iy arH1 Tcrl1jlCralUre-H tJmi ()i I Y Indcx CIH I) was ~~ d(llJitccl KCl))dill~ lO fHlI -- 1 ( I ( I
TI(( 072(TJhmiddotI Tvlh) 11fJ6 Tdh-=ICl1lpc r IIIICG o f Icy hulb Tvh-~r jp(rit llIrc ltIf vet hu lh
STATISTICAL iJLSrS Dal1 t( ~ llbJc~ICCl to -talisticll
dn lly~ i ~ Ill fI Ii i SAS pr()grltn SAS J9SJ l lt
The gCl lCldJ l i ll~Il Illudel (jIf1 mil le J~Ishy lJ llalc Ill l IIl- (lStvlTMS) were appli~d lO lllC
di( it TIK~ cic ci 0 1 rrcarlTlcnJ 011 SOll)(
1(pn)(1LI i c paraillLltr~ 1gt- k~lcd lIll~ the lu i lmv i n~ Ill() lc 1
v ii llt r + l Vltcr(middot
bull Itt -bull - jmiddot Tmiddotmiddot 1I1n fi r I tH~ J l Jltal l1l( nl
ppu J 1(If n nt j(
1i
T = lrcHmclll U= I (1 2) eiJ ~ fcsid lIaJ emIr
JUSLLTS JETEOlltOIDC ](1 Co J)I[ r() NS
figure (I ) dGp i( l ~ Uli IlietC(j [() llg j~i ll elMii (( ~lir(kJ uurin g Ih~ (x pCriln c lll ~ tI rUl nd illh)u~11 al l )n im ah were kepi II t)( kr 111
cO lling S - ~ lcrn o f rhc farlll Jll rJI ~ lI~ r l lt) lt r months veJage TI I1 Wi ( 1(1 rigllfC (J IMIV
thJ l Ihe l10rtcQ 11111111 h 0[ (jl( el WI~Il~ J 1I I
Augu( and Scptrm bu -rIre IILn i IIHI n
tcmlx~rtlir( ulllillg Ihe~e H111lllli HInged Im ill middot-1SJi TO 4(J o-C Ahife 1111 lInil r 1I 1-cd )14(11
fK9 to Nl i_rhus DLteding lile Ilpp~r nilicd
lilllit of THT (72 illl i(~) for dli ly 11 1lt1( i I(
v hi c h J([imals HIll suffer f mln iW H 11 II i ~ U()c lJlT)ct1[cd llia(in (he centlCLI rq i()n of Sllldi
1lt11[1 uuiry LOWS slIffLr IT- o I)) hcat lrc~s eVe l1 Vi lh lirificii c()(JJi n~ middot
REPRODt~CTIVF PAR)Imiddot1ETEkS Additg chro mium y e)lt[ ~o ll( ciiu i
uairy co alf e itcd (he cfftCl uf llit hal ~ Ir l--lt cIlJing ~H rll[ Jler m()I1tIIS Jc~u J lirlg irl il i~ii fiL ilrll l(nC I ~C in cah illg iliter-I In)1i I~ I()Imiddot~I I j
lu i J3 61t() 10 (i lYS OplTl frolll I I I 2 Ill 1)1
lO t middotS77+-907 anel Illlrl1hu oi n I(C Illl
tOllci ptiPII I Ie111 ltA4-+05f (1) 1751 fll1
(PltlJ UJ) Chromiulll J1~o [J1(f ~ I--(~(l cOln~~ril1 rate from firSl insemi nat ion from r5( II
)o1 ltYk ltl nil cJ]v ing ra te I[()lll () Igtl 10 ()rl() )( (1ltOOl 011 the n 1J1CT ill1(L ltilk1lIJg Cliro rllitlfil
did not (ioversell ~iftcct (bys TO po- t]1artlJlIl 1 middot 1
li el l nor d ~lYS (0 P()s tp~irlllill 1 1) gt-CCT1III~l tlon Inc] (oll cLjJliull nJle (T(lbk 2)
The IIIcleuroiogi ca ~
durillg summer rnHl(h~ JnimJI nny ~ ul[tr Iro m
heal Slres inc( THf lxcec(kd ll ll UPpCI trili cai limit (72 Ti ll Ull j)) rut eLli]) In k
Tl lj cOlrobUlil lt previOI1 S I in d illg~ Ihll in Ih e
cellWl1 region of SlllUi iruhilt (birv C(gt Id l l1
1n))H I1clt s tress 11cspj(C (1)( llS~ o f J( ilicrd
COOlillz iY The prese nl lmiddote ldl~ lvcled Ili ) h~1 Gdvi ng in ren(ll d~IY opt1l aIl d mllll hlt 1)1
~~crvin~ pe r nnCGptiOJl i l l Cl llt)o l -i I U (I kd crQUP which lay he dll In ilf JI qn~s~ dic([ - I l I l i111 Ilf ) t re~1 lS i~I~l( It 1 pre (I ~ l ll ll t -
~ P ~Illd Oll r 11 bt isli Li (bl IL I bull I bull
-middotIIP Imiddot)k nI Cm~llio l~ rCUlI ccd the - H~l lr hel ( ~ Il
-
Oll productioll Lct()r~ while mi lk yield wa igIJifican c y increased The re5ulls have also in1iLukd cltu add ing Cr lo th~uift of htclnti ll g Jai ) C()~ i~~i nficltlnt Iy imprO llI oome ur rhe IlprocluCli w parameters nHtllcly calving inlcrvmiddotiI days op~ n and numbel nfscrviccent$ per ()I t(c p(io l) Jher( j a de~lnh of i rl iorillalion (n the dfcc( qf Cr suppleme ntation OIJ reproduction of b cr(l (i Jlg dairy cows BryHl ( I lit) reported
fhll chrOJlJium sLlpplc rnenled C)NS kndccl to
111lt n 11irhcr (1lt01) 28~~J p regllancy raLe than cPlllrol cows rUll g et (Itll also repo ned hi gher cl nception lIlel l()w(T days () Pl~J1 on Crshy~u ll p Jelll[~lllc-d cows l1(I) cont rol animal s On the oliler hand P~ dlova ([ ar reponed thel( o- UP[)IClllenling chromium 10 J ~il y cow die JlOl
~iglljfj( ilnr[y Jffccl reprochlcl i ve h ll ldic)ns
I lownmiddoter (l C[Hicncy IcnvarJ higher COllCC[l li(lll
nHcS vts ronnd in the i1IolnillD1 ~ur]l lell1 ([llc d
~rollp III )C- nc l C01111110 11 repoll ~e tQer
sLlppIeIllCHlliil n i ~ i ncreased Il lle r sii1 4J bull rile
t)Iopocd mltchalli rn of -v1lich is il lCIeJscd
In diell) SLJr-pJemcn lat j011 for lti~1iry C()W~ Ulilkt hCll l ie i 111J11oved the rcprod ll Gl i Vl cifICICllly Tti impn)vqne lH cOl de bl duC to illlflI ()VCU rl~d
j[wke amI pl l)gtioioglla l cel l slj(U i ot il(middot ani mal) lolll)l-ing Cr suppIC mnIal imt
ACK1OLF-I)(JEM ENTS
A1thors wish to cprelt-$ deere-I lll prcc lilljr)[
lO all th(~ rnemLlTS (1 macl (bil) hl(li Iilh ~ p(cjal than ks w 1r AbduLlah 1 illl)tih 11[1 Ibrahim AI- IJubaib Jvlr JVlidlilil r Ki lkenny
lrld [k HfmoacoTl Adllr) Orn ~lJ_ r(l llfIj i II~ Ju l
the Vor l Our grlliludc 0 Dr Ddll r10-1- for hii lClh 11 jUt ~ ltpp)n [1cciiI hlliK l
extended LO [IIr Norll llttli Vi h ~()) 1m ~di(i ll lhi manuscript
Tlbh I Chemi ca ~()n ~tittll nL of (be hpoundlsal diet fed to nlultiparl)lls HlIlstein lttll~
~ H~t)JC[l r J Drost ]1 RivCcii R M Palllci LI)I)~ ji 1- J KarHl ~llli Y 1 u 11 _ (iV(ISC impact or ilLI[ slre--middot Of) ulibryo pmrillLliol1 CpoundU-ilS ClJ1l1 SIriilColl- fl) mi Li 1la(lUIJ Thnluglt1l01ogy OO I 5 91 i 1)3
() I~ 1- NtlULy r D I~s~[) Ci A 5lkl)1 1 1J r llCC ( of jC 2l~()l1 ltlI1d level ui pluh1 ion 011 hC)llillltllI~~iCill vllJeS in Tl)[-I~irl ((1-
111amp111 T_niliL Sli 1 yg(-i Sh ~~11 ~i I
(I LAI J l~lJl ll D ReitHyl F F IIL _I
(11 kmpE l-alUI~ sC HSOl1 OJl bomiddoti fie lmiddotidlIMl
L()J li~d tlJllion blood c~ll prnfi k JII
m i l l prltdlllilIl I l)middot)iIY ~c iiIgt i) - O-I-l 1)
ILI L I U-L I U l ~ o~ ll_- f( I U I-I i ()111-[1[1]0 ~i(II awl
h(YQ OJ) h])ud dlnlIlIIlic- 1 d~jiry Ctlllr 1
DJilY Sci j l)~ l 64 62 -7IJ
l2 Washhurn Smiddot r Siv iil W J Rrtlvmiddot[t C I-I
C(Jn~LpliilI1 11 111 lldlIill C(W ill Ili J ))wry Sli_ l (( --f 2i-( zno_
I () klfl V CllOl)llJlll in ]IlJiTlJil Illllli)ll i
leV - I ~lJ II I q I - (
2(1 KHlIl t ll I 11( bull 111111
kSOlI ill l lllln llUI I lln
ElculIJiln jl~lmiddot 1 ))CL
18
Nr~c The role (1f ClJrorlliurri ][I animal21shylullirion COIIllllitxmiddot on Animal NLirrill(1lJ -thi 11 glOIi DC Jiltiolli-ti
caJn-I of ScicllcC-gt-il[lonal ReseClrch
Council 1997
RUIlurI f L Ke-j1lIi rVl j-lt 1 Kilpi 1 S U f 5(J2 R l 1lttgUlatiort of L-clecLin arid eel] g Oil tmvllltmiddot nClItrupltiis by g-l ucocortlcoilh EffecI or corrisol 1Ild deKitlTwth1S0JlC J LCllk HiuL 19()pound) ~ S ~1 )1
1) JlIrlorl J L Ivlallard [I A rvl~wnt D N EJrc~h or suppk m(l1tal cillOrlliUrll on
iTrllllUnc IrmiddotS[J()nse- ~ of pelipaltll ricnt tlCJd
carly la~Llli()1l Jairy cov J Anim ~ci
19 1jJ 71 15J2
24 (inllllrntJ [~ R fJi oloy or lipid-related ITIC[ilhntlc di sorders in [Criparmrient dairy cmmiddots 1 D)iry i 1993 76~ 38~2-J896
2) CnnC3 1 T Ertgt J [ ~ Scarlerf J PaLh
iHlU lysi s Im seven l-lu)LJilrtUll1 disonler- uC Hulsllil) i( ~ I l)liry Sci 199J 7()
I ~U)- I 11 2
2( Cuppock C L EnClgi nutritlon and
)flcllbol~Slll 01 fhe 1l-~IMirlg duiry COv
J Dair) Sci 1985 6gmiddot )4()3-_HHl
27 Co l ier JZ J IVllNulTlara J P IaI18ce C R IJdlOlf rl H A l-vic-v u[ ~CHlUCri JJC
regulation ot metabolisll1 during lacratioll J [lilli sci ()~1 51) middotV)g-S 1O
28 Debr1S 12 CJizucj I i na E Tcssc-raud S C](ilmprcdnll C Aml) iVI Insulin
~eI1SrlVlly Jnd re~ron-1enes) Juring ideratioll and uy peJilJd in guats Am 1 pilleiol I (JS9 ]5(1 29)-02
29 011lU H Nakai L Korrda 1 lerashimltl Y Insu lin rcspOTl jvlncs LU glucusl and li osuc lCspon)lel1~s ro in~ulill ill l Ictali l) p1e2ll1ll ~ j rrd n(l1pr~gnlIll
liunla~ t l jl l bed COmiddotmiddot 1 Anim )Cl
19JI W 1122 1127
lt- ~c Jlitf bulld Pe~ ltlf h Council U [ I L n( Fcq1I 1middott1llenL ()C I )ome-I I C
Animals 7 revi(( middot cdliJoll - lIir1 i[(II
DC --mc 200 j
31 AOAC ASSOClUlion (r Otf[lj~tl nllyll11
17 ilCilerTli-ts Official l1elhod of iTIIIYI~ cditrorL Wahingroll DC ]0( 2()()()
T2 Varl Soest P J Robcrbon T I~ [A Vj Ii i Vle ll)()(b for dielarytibN Il c lllr~d i1clergl l)l fjber and nonltlarch POIY~(ilcha riJ( III
relalion to animal tlmrilioll middot J j)lilY u
1lt)r I 74 Y)8J-]597 ~~ V(iss V P E Li rm Ling ilVlildbk~ cncqry
COJltent of ked fur ddilY 1llrl- J fJ)iry ci 1lt)09~ 81 ~30~J9
J4 M~lJst L E v1cDmvti1 P F floo( II 1 W rtf~cr of Sutl)J[lcr llllllCImiddot on
perfOmltlnCeof llo1 sIcin C(JS in Ir~ lirllc sage u llaclalioD J Dairy Sci 1(n 55 133-1 YJ
35 SS ll~~cr guide St~tisric (trY r~( S )
ln st lilL~ 1098
36 Johnson H D Bi()eli1llal~~ IIHI liv lmk III
John oll II D (lt1 GloclirrIC)lUilgy arll1 jill
1JIJllt1tioli of Jivl~Lp(k mslndllll ltthedll1cls EJsmiddotiLT S~llT1(X lIhll-Jlne
HV19iHt
37 Collier R J Beede 0 K Tatchcr r 1 [ ld
L A ViJcQ C J IntlllcrCcS of l r y iIO(OI [l1
and its lTIodifi LiILioll on cbiry ~ lllimlr hGl ll
and prodnctioll J Dtlir) Sci 19~2 ()i 22Ushy2227
]ji AI-HaiJary A A Iogilai I A AIh~lilh 11 Tlw cHeer of heat srrcio 011 milk pnxlucli oll llId ltOll1e lllem-IOfeg1l1atory rcspofllt( of high proulJci [g Holstein cJtitt i 11 erni - l1 itl environment J of King Saud Uni A il ri Sci 20(J1 14 5-54
39 iI-Haiclary Alsogk[ir blt) Iil1 M Influence of Jl iHin su ppkrlh~ri (ion )I)
thermoregu lawry respOllseS Jnli r~rr()fIT)II1CC
ut- HOJsTC~1l caclle ULilillg the urrlrllcr 1f1lf1til
J of King Sltlud Urliv AgJ i S~I 211)J~ 1-
J-S
JOYlllg V 7 i) D N Sl ~ I y tI ~ I I ~ I
1lt r flec I pI lhromillnl ~Ippk I)Wllt l i 11 11I1
middot11 Jbvirli i [ifnl1lcr D H BllLics S J Sock ~1 T Crummer R R Effec l ur cil[omillln suppJenlcilWtion on proJuc1ion 111M rmlabo lie paramclc[s i ll
peripmtlic1lt dairy cows J Dairy Sci
2(jO I t4 l2 1~-1230
middotr 1 Saiady tvl y AI-Shaikh M A AIshyMuiarrej S J AI-Shovei][li TA jl(J~mer H H 1 ltJI fJCecl of chLm~d clmHnil1n1 Slppkl1ltn(i(1~ 011 l ilC1alion perrorm~ln r e Hlri huud pa1melers or Hols(in cows
1I1lCkl hCJl ~lres ] Ani Irlal l-ecJ Science allJ Tcd lflO[Ogy 2()()4~ 1 I i~ 123-23 1
-13 Br)) 1 A Socha Vi T Tomtinsol D J Url~CI of upplLmeming ird ell~dy grltllcd ble gC18tlOll and early hlcrarioll dairy c(m~ virh c hrum iullI-L-f11Clhi()linc Jshy[)ii IY ~ii 200 8()fSllppll ) abs(Jcr
f 1 ~ II ~l A (c d ) 1 mldll L The in Il l le l kT of c~l ll) m iUlI) ~lI PjJkll1llllCili DJI
~oJ)cc nrf1tioll s ([11 gr1llltln1 cell hll l llill
lIwnollir gIJnaJrJlnif1i 11 hi nt iIll i II ~ill B io Hpmd 1990 ~ middot13 l -7
1K Cox N ~1 Slultlr( 11 J Alhcll T (i IkllllCU W A Miller H V Cnllllf lllenl or UVUI ll iOII rak
ill gillS by inciea~irt dicl1JY cllcrgymd administering insuli[1 during jolllcliar llovth J Anim ~ci 1987 64 5U7 --lh
~llpplcl1lcnlmi()n rOrll ilven srujics pcrfmmcd III (1~ iIY rHlk lWCnLY stUC]l( j1eriormcd iniJccf cirtl e m J sevell studies pcdOflllxl iTl ~ heep The [I)li ll c()rc lus iom wtrt illcon)ist cncy tHllOllg Lile
h ulls nf thGs- slud les WIU in lltt l lienc) ur lJilahk da ta gC IlGralc( tjom thcn l III altcs Cr l c qlil(~ llIelll~ foc fum inI1S It Via also c )JI ~ hJ kd tkll dielry supp[emeJl(alioti uf Cr LuulJ hL hCllcficial fur the Ilcallh arid vell bGitlg
of 11111lllClllLgt durillg ([me ~ of Slfcss Chmmillll1
C ()1l ~idcI(1 tll i I1 ll~ - cst Ilde recc nty IkI()ll(l~ ill lJ ~ in g C( itS tn~~ IYC~ll1i ( cLllnl
bull ~I-=i )1
1~1llIl ~ ~ pITj)MllIJll 1111 11(par[ulll pnuJ- - H -lt- litL Ie illtorrnlTion ilt il~lituhle 011 tile Ln ~C I (If SU Ill klTHrlli ng ch Oll li LIITI Oil
l JlJ(Ijlil ~ lie p c rr()Jma rh~ u f C V ~ ll ndcr IH)~
~ JII)]IICI co C rJiri~II Th( Olj lTljv~ of Illl r jxi ilHI1( I ~ In IUale the 1(gtPO I( or li() l ~ 1lPIUduLlldll jlMUTlCler lif OI le in
~(IW J_iI Sl])jlklllcnliil ( l li~ I llcI hl(gtm)ufl)
i llrillg IICl I I)()lll h ~
f1ATERIALS Id) fFTllODS jgtlJ ilA 1 - iI[) Vl l eTS
Tk I ld ~ ~ I j I I middotJw ry fl l r ll l tO 1 111 ()Llfh (If
- bull -cl YIi rl I Ii l ll j I Ulgt I l OW II Jndlc~lj
[1shy
triUlliplrulls 11()bld II bl LIIIJ1~ U T~ lJ ~~J
in lhi~ IlilL lhc ( XI1NirllVJJI1I p_r iod va 12 I ) 1 1-m onths an( cow~ pant) LIII ~ lt rl ()l ll 10
l l l larioll These dn imlh wue 1llldJJlI y ltl~ klkd
rrOn1 (he h-ru and rilllciNllly lIi lj kd i lilo Ii)
JOllpS vr SO (()~ CI CI1 lJll rnll[l 1- i(~(1
dliling 1he encire CXi~tljl TWrtl [ 1__Ij- d )[1 a
corn)o] diel (T lbk I) 111 j 10111111(1((1 tC
ha ve all the IleCcltIY Illi l ricnl 10 Inl or
(~ V(cJ the rcqutnrncllT s jJJIIIJltllllcd by Ihe
NRC-iO Tlle)t (ond gruur 11 [(if U lI)Iol (Illt
fin l ) montllgt and then - UpkIl1Cllllod ill l
dllUTllUlll yeagtl (Al ltcch [I li idl(iI I~ ilk [(y
L S J Chroll1l11ni W[ ldltl((1 11 fl 1lIwl aC 1Ll lac
fCcOrir lllllJcd 1(1( 1 (4t-illd idIY) IJIII ill g I llc
remJining rhree mOll1l III Jul y Alletht lIlil
Scplct1lhn hid l rL rlCC ~Il1( I rl ll 11( ILk-(
rIwnlll s anJ dlnillg liid 11ll JJlinLl I lll
u--ulily exposlJ II) [w 1 Ie C()W~ UI fed ~l
lOut mixed 1)li u ll (I MIlt ) c llli )ill j of (() (()llCClI lralc mE x till tiKI 4W 1()I l I~ i 1 I ( gt
vere Kept Il nckl all CV[~l 1iltlli (~ _on l i 11 ~ y~l(lI
dlli II~ SU TIllllt r m nlllli
ChelJell c ll romilJ lli i ~ I 1111 1 ilii I~j d
1i itkJll LIIIIIJ1illlll-ni ( ()[illi Jii l T 1 ili)
Ilpmds Ie gllllltllnic KicJ C i c il ilt lIl il Iein i( l ~ ploducd hy ~ilIII Y(l~ III l j11
c hr~Il)il J IIledt J (C hIUHI )lIlli IIgtl id() 111 vill iLh ihl ~lbc)ve = ltImino ~hid ~ VLli~ iWUllll T I)( l ypL o f Y(i( lIcd ws 1 ~ll-ijll ~f Viallit lll lllll~ 01
SIiICIw(onlni r(nilaf wilh Ull llI III l lilll 01
26 ll)~g TilL yeJgtT t1(11 died [11 I n if1inl-(d ((mpCrallJl~ during lhe (11)illiC [lnilC~ ()11gt__ 11 [nc -~idll~Ilvilk Ky U~gti Hj~JI dicer culllell) N(TC dCicrmilwJ accqrd jl (U UC
I
f ()r lnJdf pi ulci II 11) n 1 SI 1 I i lIh hUl1 iln
iraquo rraCI ILl no 9(J) I i j ci dCil l n( ti he
IAUI) ~ ll) d n e ll ) l CicllTfcn r li h1 IHH) VCIC
~bS[y((J u si ne 111lt (1 lph~i 1I1I I lelt Ill Il()1 o i 111
So )1 t (I) ~ ThL rl(~l t 1l lt r l 1 1111 h 1~llinl l r [ 1(1) CO ll ~ C l]tralioll (1 [ t i le di ~[ V-d (~I II I~I Cil Di i~lllrV rnk illrn ilnd [)liop I1l1l() II gt CIL
nt ( rflliumiddotLi I) J1 1I1Ii l ~hn lll i Jl
gt-ptc llopIKI(CltlllLlgt ( fluJc l 1[1 flll~ l) ~lljllJ1
S iC IIlifil CJTIlcridFej
PROTOCOL r em I rgtJs rJf [ I( )-j
CA [ VTN Ci c r D CH i( )111 bull~1
U 111 3vl [1ltJ~Tl Ur 111 order 1 IIl l middot- i f1i f l I 11 01 1
d Ol In l iU lllmr r W 11 _ ~
~ I C illl lIli 1111(0(1 ill J itd Wl 1I1 T k
-
juri rht [cliod l f JC[li~ -U)ll1 T ll i periclcI
nincikrJ will ) rl(~ pCik of helt ~ [rss ill lilc
cCIHmj IcgHl[l Th ~ C()i Ven~ agllii bred Iw ing Ihe arnc pcri()(l1 in order If cli v e
[JnlClrnK U iKco rdlllf 10 Sl i W litlLl oplr1r ill pmnrurc 0 1 111C diliry ~lrld JIJ U)lv -vel breLl hy IItifiliiI irl(llliriril)l I~ f) The (o[JoINing
rq)l( l lillctiVL pr) lllue r VC1~ calculaleu for elch c() cIllill~ the IV I-c l1on tl) (J[ (11lt
cAperillenlat peri od
bull C1J illt il ller d
bull Nllrnbcr of sCIvilc pl f ((lTlccplion
bull Dil ys fWlHcaivillgto ( heaL
bull O~I~S from Cil lng 10 r irscmil1il(iol1 bull C onc[([01l rllt (Ire~nJn I covsilnscmini[c1
COWS)
bull C()[lcltpli oTi ( i t( f(ulTI 1 irlsemillill()ll
(PlcgnlIlt lt~ OoS fU ll first i Il elli i nll ioni J1~ tol n i n1l ~c1 IO-VS)
bull Caivill rlLL ((ltII t-I I middot cowlnt~I1illatcrl rII~)
1 ()r Ilt (~ middotdv Pmiddot IiH I ImiddotIll o h(T~ caicllJaled lor tck i (roup dllrill ~ I )h Xr-CIIIllCI1Tli pCJioq
AI1n I [NT TElP[R TURI LIinHll11 1110 n11ninllitll ltl lllbienl
elllpcllIl1n dry IIIU wtt- hulh temperatures -(Te recocl1 (1li Iy arH1 Tcrl1jlCralUre-H tJmi ()i I Y Indcx CIH I) was ~~ d(llJitccl KCl))dill~ lO fHlI -- 1 ( I ( I
TI(( 072(TJhmiddotI Tvlh) 11fJ6 Tdh-=ICl1lpc r IIIICG o f Icy hulb Tvh-~r jp(rit llIrc ltIf vet hu lh
STATISTICAL iJLSrS Dal1 t( ~ llbJc~ICCl to -talisticll
dn lly~ i ~ Ill fI Ii i SAS pr()grltn SAS J9SJ l lt
The gCl lCldJ l i ll~Il Illudel (jIf1 mil le J~Ishy lJ llalc Ill l IIl- (lStvlTMS) were appli~d lO lllC
di( it TIK~ cic ci 0 1 rrcarlTlcnJ 011 SOll)(
1(pn)(1LI i c paraillLltr~ 1gt- k~lcd lIll~ the lu i lmv i n~ Ill() lc 1
v ii llt r + l Vltcr(middot
bull Itt -bull - jmiddot Tmiddotmiddot 1I1n fi r I tH~ J l Jltal l1l( nl
ppu J 1(If n nt j(
1i
T = lrcHmclll U= I (1 2) eiJ ~ fcsid lIaJ emIr
JUSLLTS JETEOlltOIDC ](1 Co J)I[ r() NS
figure (I ) dGp i( l ~ Uli IlietC(j [() llg j~i ll elMii (( ~lir(kJ uurin g Ih~ (x pCriln c lll ~ tI rUl nd illh)u~11 al l )n im ah were kepi II t)( kr 111
cO lling S - ~ lcrn o f rhc farlll Jll rJI ~ lI~ r l lt) lt r months veJage TI I1 Wi ( 1(1 rigllfC (J IMIV
thJ l Ihe l10rtcQ 11111111 h 0[ (jl( el WI~Il~ J 1I I
Augu( and Scptrm bu -rIre IILn i IIHI n
tcmlx~rtlir( ulllillg Ihe~e H111lllli HInged Im ill middot-1SJi TO 4(J o-C Ahife 1111 lInil r 1I 1-cd )14(11
fK9 to Nl i_rhus DLteding lile Ilpp~r nilicd
lilllit of THT (72 illl i(~) for dli ly 11 1lt1( i I(
v hi c h J([imals HIll suffer f mln iW H 11 II i ~ U()c lJlT)ct1[cd llia(in (he centlCLI rq i()n of Sllldi
1lt11[1 uuiry LOWS slIffLr IT- o I)) hcat lrc~s eVe l1 Vi lh lirificii c()(JJi n~ middot
REPRODt~CTIVF PAR)Imiddot1ETEkS Additg chro mium y e)lt[ ~o ll( ciiu i
uairy co alf e itcd (he cfftCl uf llit hal ~ Ir l--lt cIlJing ~H rll[ Jler m()I1tIIS Jc~u J lirlg irl il i~ii fiL ilrll l(nC I ~C in cah illg iliter-I In)1i I~ I()Imiddot~I I j
lu i J3 61t() 10 (i lYS OplTl frolll I I I 2 Ill 1)1
lO t middotS77+-907 anel Illlrl1hu oi n I(C Illl
tOllci ptiPII I Ie111 ltA4-+05f (1) 1751 fll1
(PltlJ UJ) Chromiulll J1~o [J1(f ~ I--(~(l cOln~~ril1 rate from firSl insemi nat ion from r5( II
)o1 ltYk ltl nil cJ]v ing ra te I[()lll () Igtl 10 ()rl() )( (1ltOOl 011 the n 1J1CT ill1(L ltilk1lIJg Cliro rllitlfil
did not (ioversell ~iftcct (bys TO po- t]1artlJlIl 1 middot 1
li el l nor d ~lYS (0 P()s tp~irlllill 1 1) gt-CCT1III~l tlon Inc] (oll cLjJliull nJle (T(lbk 2)
The IIIcleuroiogi ca ~
durillg summer rnHl(h~ JnimJI nny ~ ul[tr Iro m
heal Slres inc( THf lxcec(kd ll ll UPpCI trili cai limit (72 Ti ll Ull j)) rut eLli]) In k
Tl lj cOlrobUlil lt previOI1 S I in d illg~ Ihll in Ih e
cellWl1 region of SlllUi iruhilt (birv C(gt Id l l1
1n))H I1clt s tress 11cspj(C (1)( llS~ o f J( ilicrd
COOlillz iY The prese nl lmiddote ldl~ lvcled Ili ) h~1 Gdvi ng in ren(ll d~IY opt1l aIl d mllll hlt 1)1
~~crvin~ pe r nnCGptiOJl i l l Cl llt)o l -i I U (I kd crQUP which lay he dll In ilf JI qn~s~ dic([ - I l I l i111 Ilf ) t re~1 lS i~I~l( It 1 pre (I ~ l ll ll t -
~ P ~Illd Oll r 11 bt isli Li (bl IL I bull I bull
-middotIIP Imiddot)k nI Cm~llio l~ rCUlI ccd the - H~l lr hel ( ~ Il
-
Oll productioll Lct()r~ while mi lk yield wa igIJifican c y increased The re5ulls have also in1iLukd cltu add ing Cr lo th~uift of htclnti ll g Jai ) C()~ i~~i nficltlnt Iy imprO llI oome ur rhe IlprocluCli w parameters nHtllcly calving inlcrvmiddotiI days op~ n and numbel nfscrviccent$ per ()I t(c p(io l) Jher( j a de~lnh of i rl iorillalion (n the dfcc( qf Cr suppleme ntation OIJ reproduction of b cr(l (i Jlg dairy cows BryHl ( I lit) reported
fhll chrOJlJium sLlpplc rnenled C)NS kndccl to
111lt n 11irhcr (1lt01) 28~~J p regllancy raLe than cPlllrol cows rUll g et (Itll also repo ned hi gher cl nception lIlel l()w(T days () Pl~J1 on Crshy~u ll p Jelll[~lllc-d cows l1(I) cont rol animal s On the oliler hand P~ dlova ([ ar reponed thel( o- UP[)IClllenling chromium 10 J ~il y cow die JlOl
~iglljfj( ilnr[y Jffccl reprochlcl i ve h ll ldic)ns
I lownmiddoter (l C[Hicncy IcnvarJ higher COllCC[l li(lll
nHcS vts ronnd in the i1IolnillD1 ~ur]l lell1 ([llc d
~rollp III )C- nc l C01111110 11 repoll ~e tQer
sLlppIeIllCHlliil n i ~ i ncreased Il lle r sii1 4J bull rile
t)Iopocd mltchalli rn of -v1lich is il lCIeJscd
In diell) SLJr-pJemcn lat j011 for lti~1iry C()W~ Ulilkt hCll l ie i 111J11oved the rcprod ll Gl i Vl cifICICllly Tti impn)vqne lH cOl de bl duC to illlflI ()VCU rl~d
j[wke amI pl l)gtioioglla l cel l slj(U i ot il(middot ani mal) lolll)l-ing Cr suppIC mnIal imt
ACK1OLF-I)(JEM ENTS
A1thors wish to cprelt-$ deere-I lll prcc lilljr)[
lO all th(~ rnemLlTS (1 macl (bil) hl(li Iilh ~ p(cjal than ks w 1r AbduLlah 1 illl)tih 11[1 Ibrahim AI- IJubaib Jvlr JVlidlilil r Ki lkenny
lrld [k HfmoacoTl Adllr) Orn ~lJ_ r(l llfIj i II~ Ju l
the Vor l Our grlliludc 0 Dr Ddll r10-1- for hii lClh 11 jUt ~ ltpp)n [1cciiI hlliK l
extended LO [IIr Norll llttli Vi h ~()) 1m ~di(i ll lhi manuscript
Tlbh I Chemi ca ~()n ~tittll nL of (be hpoundlsal diet fed to nlultiparl)lls HlIlstein lttll~
~ H~t)JC[l r J Drost ]1 RivCcii R M Palllci LI)I)~ ji 1- J KarHl ~llli Y 1 u 11 _ (iV(ISC impact or ilLI[ slre--middot Of) ulibryo pmrillLliol1 CpoundU-ilS ClJ1l1 SIriilColl- fl) mi Li 1la(lUIJ Thnluglt1l01ogy OO I 5 91 i 1)3
() I~ 1- NtlULy r D I~s~[) Ci A 5lkl)1 1 1J r llCC ( of jC 2l~()l1 ltlI1d level ui pluh1 ion 011 hC)llillltllI~~iCill vllJeS in Tl)[-I~irl ((1-
111amp111 T_niliL Sli 1 yg(-i Sh ~~11 ~i I
(I LAI J l~lJl ll D ReitHyl F F IIL _I
(11 kmpE l-alUI~ sC HSOl1 OJl bomiddoti fie lmiddotidlIMl
L()J li~d tlJllion blood c~ll prnfi k JII
m i l l prltdlllilIl I l)middot)iIY ~c iiIgt i) - O-I-l 1)
ILI L I U-L I U l ~ o~ ll_- f( I U I-I i ()111-[1[1]0 ~i(II awl
h(YQ OJ) h])ud dlnlIlIIlic- 1 d~jiry Ctlllr 1
DJilY Sci j l)~ l 64 62 -7IJ
l2 Washhurn Smiddot r Siv iil W J Rrtlvmiddot[t C I-I
C(Jn~LpliilI1 11 111 lldlIill C(W ill Ili J ))wry Sli_ l (( --f 2i-( zno_
I () klfl V CllOl)llJlll in ]IlJiTlJil Illllli)ll i
leV - I ~lJ II I q I - (
2(1 KHlIl t ll I 11( bull 111111
kSOlI ill l lllln llUI I lln
ElculIJiln jl~lmiddot 1 ))CL
18
Nr~c The role (1f ClJrorlliurri ][I animal21shylullirion COIIllllitxmiddot on Animal NLirrill(1lJ -thi 11 glOIi DC Jiltiolli-ti
caJn-I of ScicllcC-gt-il[lonal ReseClrch
Council 1997
RUIlurI f L Ke-j1lIi rVl j-lt 1 Kilpi 1 S U f 5(J2 R l 1lttgUlatiort of L-clecLin arid eel] g Oil tmvllltmiddot nClItrupltiis by g-l ucocortlcoilh EffecI or corrisol 1Ild deKitlTwth1S0JlC J LCllk HiuL 19()pound) ~ S ~1 )1
1) JlIrlorl J L Ivlallard [I A rvl~wnt D N EJrc~h or suppk m(l1tal cillOrlliUrll on
iTrllllUnc IrmiddotS[J()nse- ~ of pelipaltll ricnt tlCJd
carly la~Llli()1l Jairy cov J Anim ~ci
19 1jJ 71 15J2
24 (inllllrntJ [~ R fJi oloy or lipid-related ITIC[ilhntlc di sorders in [Criparmrient dairy cmmiddots 1 D)iry i 1993 76~ 38~2-J896
2) CnnC3 1 T Ertgt J [ ~ Scarlerf J PaLh
iHlU lysi s Im seven l-lu)LJilrtUll1 disonler- uC Hulsllil) i( ~ I l)liry Sci 199J 7()
I ~U)- I 11 2
2( Cuppock C L EnClgi nutritlon and
)flcllbol~Slll 01 fhe 1l-~IMirlg duiry COv
J Dair) Sci 1985 6gmiddot )4()3-_HHl
27 Co l ier JZ J IVllNulTlara J P IaI18ce C R IJdlOlf rl H A l-vic-v u[ ~CHlUCri JJC
regulation ot metabolisll1 during lacratioll J [lilli sci ()~1 51) middotV)g-S 1O
28 Debr1S 12 CJizucj I i na E Tcssc-raud S C](ilmprcdnll C Aml) iVI Insulin
~eI1SrlVlly Jnd re~ron-1enes) Juring ideratioll and uy peJilJd in guats Am 1 pilleiol I (JS9 ]5(1 29)-02
29 011lU H Nakai L Korrda 1 lerashimltl Y Insu lin rcspOTl jvlncs LU glucusl and li osuc lCspon)lel1~s ro in~ulill ill l Ictali l) p1e2ll1ll ~ j rrd n(l1pr~gnlIll
liunla~ t l jl l bed COmiddotmiddot 1 Anim )Cl
19JI W 1122 1127
lt- ~c Jlitf bulld Pe~ ltlf h Council U [ I L n( Fcq1I 1middott1llenL ()C I )ome-I I C
Animals 7 revi(( middot cdliJoll - lIir1 i[(II
DC --mc 200 j
31 AOAC ASSOClUlion (r Otf[lj~tl nllyll11
17 ilCilerTli-ts Official l1elhod of iTIIIYI~ cditrorL Wahingroll DC ]0( 2()()()
T2 Varl Soest P J Robcrbon T I~ [A Vj Ii i Vle ll)()(b for dielarytibN Il c lllr~d i1clergl l)l fjber and nonltlarch POIY~(ilcha riJ( III
relalion to animal tlmrilioll middot J j)lilY u
1lt)r I 74 Y)8J-]597 ~~ V(iss V P E Li rm Ling ilVlildbk~ cncqry
COJltent of ked fur ddilY 1llrl- J fJ)iry ci 1lt)09~ 81 ~30~J9
J4 M~lJst L E v1cDmvti1 P F floo( II 1 W rtf~cr of Sutl)J[lcr llllllCImiddot on
perfOmltlnCeof llo1 sIcin C(JS in Ir~ lirllc sage u llaclalioD J Dairy Sci 1(n 55 133-1 YJ
35 SS ll~~cr guide St~tisric (trY r~( S )
ln st lilL~ 1098
36 Johnson H D Bi()eli1llal~~ IIHI liv lmk III
John oll II D (lt1 GloclirrIC)lUilgy arll1 jill
1JIJllt1tioli of Jivl~Lp(k mslndllll ltthedll1cls EJsmiddotiLT S~llT1(X lIhll-Jlne
HV19iHt
37 Collier R J Beede 0 K Tatchcr r 1 [ ld
L A ViJcQ C J IntlllcrCcS of l r y iIO(OI [l1
and its lTIodifi LiILioll on cbiry ~ lllimlr hGl ll
and prodnctioll J Dtlir) Sci 19~2 ()i 22Ushy2227
]ji AI-HaiJary A A Iogilai I A AIh~lilh 11 Tlw cHeer of heat srrcio 011 milk pnxlucli oll llId ltOll1e lllem-IOfeg1l1atory rcspofllt( of high proulJci [g Holstein cJtitt i 11 erni - l1 itl environment J of King Saud Uni A il ri Sci 20(J1 14 5-54
39 iI-Haiclary Alsogk[ir blt) Iil1 M Influence of Jl iHin su ppkrlh~ri (ion )I)
thermoregu lawry respOllseS Jnli r~rr()fIT)II1CC
ut- HOJsTC~1l caclle ULilillg the urrlrllcr 1f1lf1til
J of King Sltlud Urliv AgJ i S~I 211)J~ 1-
J-S
JOYlllg V 7 i) D N Sl ~ I y tI ~ I I ~ I
1lt r flec I pI lhromillnl ~Ippk I)Wllt l i 11 11I1
middot11 Jbvirli i [ifnl1lcr D H BllLics S J Sock ~1 T Crummer R R Effec l ur cil[omillln suppJenlcilWtion on proJuc1ion 111M rmlabo lie paramclc[s i ll
peripmtlic1lt dairy cows J Dairy Sci
2(jO I t4 l2 1~-1230
middotr 1 Saiady tvl y AI-Shaikh M A AIshyMuiarrej S J AI-Shovei][li TA jl(J~mer H H 1 ltJI fJCecl of chLm~d clmHnil1n1 Slppkl1ltn(i(1~ 011 l ilC1alion perrorm~ln r e Hlri huud pa1melers or Hols(in cows
1I1lCkl hCJl ~lres ] Ani Irlal l-ecJ Science allJ Tcd lflO[Ogy 2()()4~ 1 I i~ 123-23 1
-13 Br)) 1 A Socha Vi T Tomtinsol D J Url~CI of upplLmeming ird ell~dy grltllcd ble gC18tlOll and early hlcrarioll dairy c(m~ virh c hrum iullI-L-f11Clhi()linc Jshy[)ii IY ~ii 200 8()fSllppll ) abs(Jcr
f 1 ~ II ~l A (c d ) 1 mldll L The in Il l le l kT of c~l ll) m iUlI) ~lI PjJkll1llllCili DJI
[JnlClrnK U iKco rdlllf 10 Sl i W litlLl oplr1r ill pmnrurc 0 1 111C diliry ~lrld JIJ U)lv -vel breLl hy IItifiliiI irl(llliriril)l I~ f) The (o[JoINing
rq)l( l lillctiVL pr) lllue r VC1~ calculaleu for elch c() cIllill~ the IV I-c l1on tl) (J[ (11lt
cAperillenlat peri od
bull C1J illt il ller d
bull Nllrnbcr of sCIvilc pl f ((lTlccplion
bull Dil ys fWlHcaivillgto ( heaL
bull O~I~S from Cil lng 10 r irscmil1il(iol1 bull C onc[([01l rllt (Ire~nJn I covsilnscmini[c1
COWS)
bull C()[lcltpli oTi ( i t( f(ulTI 1 irlsemillill()ll
(PlcgnlIlt lt~ OoS fU ll first i Il elli i nll ioni J1~ tol n i n1l ~c1 IO-VS)
bull Caivill rlLL ((ltII t-I I middot cowlnt~I1illatcrl rII~)
1 ()r Ilt (~ middotdv Pmiddot IiH I ImiddotIll o h(T~ caicllJaled lor tck i (roup dllrill ~ I )h Xr-CIIIllCI1Tli pCJioq
AI1n I [NT TElP[R TURI LIinHll11 1110 n11ninllitll ltl lllbienl
elllpcllIl1n dry IIIU wtt- hulh temperatures -(Te recocl1 (1li Iy arH1 Tcrl1jlCralUre-H tJmi ()i I Y Indcx CIH I) was ~~ d(llJitccl KCl))dill~ lO fHlI -- 1 ( I ( I
TI(( 072(TJhmiddotI Tvlh) 11fJ6 Tdh-=ICl1lpc r IIIICG o f Icy hulb Tvh-~r jp(rit llIrc ltIf vet hu lh
STATISTICAL iJLSrS Dal1 t( ~ llbJc~ICCl to -talisticll
dn lly~ i ~ Ill fI Ii i SAS pr()grltn SAS J9SJ l lt
The gCl lCldJ l i ll~Il Illudel (jIf1 mil le J~Ishy lJ llalc Ill l IIl- (lStvlTMS) were appli~d lO lllC
di( it TIK~ cic ci 0 1 rrcarlTlcnJ 011 SOll)(
1(pn)(1LI i c paraillLltr~ 1gt- k~lcd lIll~ the lu i lmv i n~ Ill() lc 1
v ii llt r + l Vltcr(middot
bull Itt -bull - jmiddot Tmiddotmiddot 1I1n fi r I tH~ J l Jltal l1l( nl
ppu J 1(If n nt j(
1i
T = lrcHmclll U= I (1 2) eiJ ~ fcsid lIaJ emIr
JUSLLTS JETEOlltOIDC ](1 Co J)I[ r() NS
figure (I ) dGp i( l ~ Uli IlietC(j [() llg j~i ll elMii (( ~lir(kJ uurin g Ih~ (x pCriln c lll ~ tI rUl nd illh)u~11 al l )n im ah were kepi II t)( kr 111
cO lling S - ~ lcrn o f rhc farlll Jll rJI ~ lI~ r l lt) lt r months veJage TI I1 Wi ( 1(1 rigllfC (J IMIV
thJ l Ihe l10rtcQ 11111111 h 0[ (jl( el WI~Il~ J 1I I
Augu( and Scptrm bu -rIre IILn i IIHI n
tcmlx~rtlir( ulllillg Ihe~e H111lllli HInged Im ill middot-1SJi TO 4(J o-C Ahife 1111 lInil r 1I 1-cd )14(11
fK9 to Nl i_rhus DLteding lile Ilpp~r nilicd
lilllit of THT (72 illl i(~) for dli ly 11 1lt1( i I(
v hi c h J([imals HIll suffer f mln iW H 11 II i ~ U()c lJlT)ct1[cd llia(in (he centlCLI rq i()n of Sllldi
1lt11[1 uuiry LOWS slIffLr IT- o I)) hcat lrc~s eVe l1 Vi lh lirificii c()(JJi n~ middot
REPRODt~CTIVF PAR)Imiddot1ETEkS Additg chro mium y e)lt[ ~o ll( ciiu i
uairy co alf e itcd (he cfftCl uf llit hal ~ Ir l--lt cIlJing ~H rll[ Jler m()I1tIIS Jc~u J lirlg irl il i~ii fiL ilrll l(nC I ~C in cah illg iliter-I In)1i I~ I()Imiddot~I I j
lu i J3 61t() 10 (i lYS OplTl frolll I I I 2 Ill 1)1
lO t middotS77+-907 anel Illlrl1hu oi n I(C Illl
tOllci ptiPII I Ie111 ltA4-+05f (1) 1751 fll1
(PltlJ UJ) Chromiulll J1~o [J1(f ~ I--(~(l cOln~~ril1 rate from firSl insemi nat ion from r5( II
)o1 ltYk ltl nil cJ]v ing ra te I[()lll () Igtl 10 ()rl() )( (1ltOOl 011 the n 1J1CT ill1(L ltilk1lIJg Cliro rllitlfil
did not (ioversell ~iftcct (bys TO po- t]1artlJlIl 1 middot 1
li el l nor d ~lYS (0 P()s tp~irlllill 1 1) gt-CCT1III~l tlon Inc] (oll cLjJliull nJle (T(lbk 2)
The IIIcleuroiogi ca ~
durillg summer rnHl(h~ JnimJI nny ~ ul[tr Iro m
heal Slres inc( THf lxcec(kd ll ll UPpCI trili cai limit (72 Ti ll Ull j)) rut eLli]) In k
Tl lj cOlrobUlil lt previOI1 S I in d illg~ Ihll in Ih e
cellWl1 region of SlllUi iruhilt (birv C(gt Id l l1
1n))H I1clt s tress 11cspj(C (1)( llS~ o f J( ilicrd
COOlillz iY The prese nl lmiddote ldl~ lvcled Ili ) h~1 Gdvi ng in ren(ll d~IY opt1l aIl d mllll hlt 1)1
~~crvin~ pe r nnCGptiOJl i l l Cl llt)o l -i I U (I kd crQUP which lay he dll In ilf JI qn~s~ dic([ - I l I l i111 Ilf ) t re~1 lS i~I~l( It 1 pre (I ~ l ll ll t -
~ P ~Illd Oll r 11 bt isli Li (bl IL I bull I bull
-middotIIP Imiddot)k nI Cm~llio l~ rCUlI ccd the - H~l lr hel ( ~ Il
-
Oll productioll Lct()r~ while mi lk yield wa igIJifican c y increased The re5ulls have also in1iLukd cltu add ing Cr lo th~uift of htclnti ll g Jai ) C()~ i~~i nficltlnt Iy imprO llI oome ur rhe IlprocluCli w parameters nHtllcly calving inlcrvmiddotiI days op~ n and numbel nfscrviccent$ per ()I t(c p(io l) Jher( j a de~lnh of i rl iorillalion (n the dfcc( qf Cr suppleme ntation OIJ reproduction of b cr(l (i Jlg dairy cows BryHl ( I lit) reported
fhll chrOJlJium sLlpplc rnenled C)NS kndccl to
111lt n 11irhcr (1lt01) 28~~J p regllancy raLe than cPlllrol cows rUll g et (Itll also repo ned hi gher cl nception lIlel l()w(T days () Pl~J1 on Crshy~u ll p Jelll[~lllc-d cows l1(I) cont rol animal s On the oliler hand P~ dlova ([ ar reponed thel( o- UP[)IClllenling chromium 10 J ~il y cow die JlOl
~iglljfj( ilnr[y Jffccl reprochlcl i ve h ll ldic)ns
I lownmiddoter (l C[Hicncy IcnvarJ higher COllCC[l li(lll
nHcS vts ronnd in the i1IolnillD1 ~ur]l lell1 ([llc d
~rollp III )C- nc l C01111110 11 repoll ~e tQer
sLlppIeIllCHlliil n i ~ i ncreased Il lle r sii1 4J bull rile
t)Iopocd mltchalli rn of -v1lich is il lCIeJscd
In diell) SLJr-pJemcn lat j011 for lti~1iry C()W~ Ulilkt hCll l ie i 111J11oved the rcprod ll Gl i Vl cifICICllly Tti impn)vqne lH cOl de bl duC to illlflI ()VCU rl~d
j[wke amI pl l)gtioioglla l cel l slj(U i ot il(middot ani mal) lolll)l-ing Cr suppIC mnIal imt
ACK1OLF-I)(JEM ENTS
A1thors wish to cprelt-$ deere-I lll prcc lilljr)[
lO all th(~ rnemLlTS (1 macl (bil) hl(li Iilh ~ p(cjal than ks w 1r AbduLlah 1 illl)tih 11[1 Ibrahim AI- IJubaib Jvlr JVlidlilil r Ki lkenny
lrld [k HfmoacoTl Adllr) Orn ~lJ_ r(l llfIj i II~ Ju l
the Vor l Our grlliludc 0 Dr Ddll r10-1- for hii lClh 11 jUt ~ ltpp)n [1cciiI hlliK l
extended LO [IIr Norll llttli Vi h ~()) 1m ~di(i ll lhi manuscript
Tlbh I Chemi ca ~()n ~tittll nL of (be hpoundlsal diet fed to nlultiparl)lls HlIlstein lttll~
~ H~t)JC[l r J Drost ]1 RivCcii R M Palllci LI)I)~ ji 1- J KarHl ~llli Y 1 u 11 _ (iV(ISC impact or ilLI[ slre--middot Of) ulibryo pmrillLliol1 CpoundU-ilS ClJ1l1 SIriilColl- fl) mi Li 1la(lUIJ Thnluglt1l01ogy OO I 5 91 i 1)3
() I~ 1- NtlULy r D I~s~[) Ci A 5lkl)1 1 1J r llCC ( of jC 2l~()l1 ltlI1d level ui pluh1 ion 011 hC)llillltllI~~iCill vllJeS in Tl)[-I~irl ((1-
111amp111 T_niliL Sli 1 yg(-i Sh ~~11 ~i I
(I LAI J l~lJl ll D ReitHyl F F IIL _I
(11 kmpE l-alUI~ sC HSOl1 OJl bomiddoti fie lmiddotidlIMl
L()J li~d tlJllion blood c~ll prnfi k JII
m i l l prltdlllilIl I l)middot)iIY ~c iiIgt i) - O-I-l 1)
ILI L I U-L I U l ~ o~ ll_- f( I U I-I i ()111-[1[1]0 ~i(II awl
h(YQ OJ) h])ud dlnlIlIIlic- 1 d~jiry Ctlllr 1
DJilY Sci j l)~ l 64 62 -7IJ
l2 Washhurn Smiddot r Siv iil W J Rrtlvmiddot[t C I-I
C(Jn~LpliilI1 11 111 lldlIill C(W ill Ili J ))wry Sli_ l (( --f 2i-( zno_
I () klfl V CllOl)llJlll in ]IlJiTlJil Illllli)ll i
leV - I ~lJ II I q I - (
2(1 KHlIl t ll I 11( bull 111111
kSOlI ill l lllln llUI I lln
ElculIJiln jl~lmiddot 1 ))CL
18
Nr~c The role (1f ClJrorlliurri ][I animal21shylullirion COIIllllitxmiddot on Animal NLirrill(1lJ -thi 11 glOIi DC Jiltiolli-ti
caJn-I of ScicllcC-gt-il[lonal ReseClrch
Council 1997
RUIlurI f L Ke-j1lIi rVl j-lt 1 Kilpi 1 S U f 5(J2 R l 1lttgUlatiort of L-clecLin arid eel] g Oil tmvllltmiddot nClItrupltiis by g-l ucocortlcoilh EffecI or corrisol 1Ild deKitlTwth1S0JlC J LCllk HiuL 19()pound) ~ S ~1 )1
1) JlIrlorl J L Ivlallard [I A rvl~wnt D N EJrc~h or suppk m(l1tal cillOrlliUrll on
iTrllllUnc IrmiddotS[J()nse- ~ of pelipaltll ricnt tlCJd
carly la~Llli()1l Jairy cov J Anim ~ci
19 1jJ 71 15J2
24 (inllllrntJ [~ R fJi oloy or lipid-related ITIC[ilhntlc di sorders in [Criparmrient dairy cmmiddots 1 D)iry i 1993 76~ 38~2-J896
2) CnnC3 1 T Ertgt J [ ~ Scarlerf J PaLh
iHlU lysi s Im seven l-lu)LJilrtUll1 disonler- uC Hulsllil) i( ~ I l)liry Sci 199J 7()
I ~U)- I 11 2
2( Cuppock C L EnClgi nutritlon and
)flcllbol~Slll 01 fhe 1l-~IMirlg duiry COv
J Dair) Sci 1985 6gmiddot )4()3-_HHl
27 Co l ier JZ J IVllNulTlara J P IaI18ce C R IJdlOlf rl H A l-vic-v u[ ~CHlUCri JJC
regulation ot metabolisll1 during lacratioll J [lilli sci ()~1 51) middotV)g-S 1O
28 Debr1S 12 CJizucj I i na E Tcssc-raud S C](ilmprcdnll C Aml) iVI Insulin
~eI1SrlVlly Jnd re~ron-1enes) Juring ideratioll and uy peJilJd in guats Am 1 pilleiol I (JS9 ]5(1 29)-02
29 011lU H Nakai L Korrda 1 lerashimltl Y Insu lin rcspOTl jvlncs LU glucusl and li osuc lCspon)lel1~s ro in~ulill ill l Ictali l) p1e2ll1ll ~ j rrd n(l1pr~gnlIll
liunla~ t l jl l bed COmiddotmiddot 1 Anim )Cl
19JI W 1122 1127
lt- ~c Jlitf bulld Pe~ ltlf h Council U [ I L n( Fcq1I 1middott1llenL ()C I )ome-I I C
Animals 7 revi(( middot cdliJoll - lIir1 i[(II
DC --mc 200 j
31 AOAC ASSOClUlion (r Otf[lj~tl nllyll11
17 ilCilerTli-ts Official l1elhod of iTIIIYI~ cditrorL Wahingroll DC ]0( 2()()()
T2 Varl Soest P J Robcrbon T I~ [A Vj Ii i Vle ll)()(b for dielarytibN Il c lllr~d i1clergl l)l fjber and nonltlarch POIY~(ilcha riJ( III
relalion to animal tlmrilioll middot J j)lilY u
1lt)r I 74 Y)8J-]597 ~~ V(iss V P E Li rm Ling ilVlildbk~ cncqry
COJltent of ked fur ddilY 1llrl- J fJ)iry ci 1lt)09~ 81 ~30~J9
J4 M~lJst L E v1cDmvti1 P F floo( II 1 W rtf~cr of Sutl)J[lcr llllllCImiddot on
perfOmltlnCeof llo1 sIcin C(JS in Ir~ lirllc sage u llaclalioD J Dairy Sci 1(n 55 133-1 YJ
35 SS ll~~cr guide St~tisric (trY r~( S )
ln st lilL~ 1098
36 Johnson H D Bi()eli1llal~~ IIHI liv lmk III
John oll II D (lt1 GloclirrIC)lUilgy arll1 jill
1JIJllt1tioli of Jivl~Lp(k mslndllll ltthedll1cls EJsmiddotiLT S~llT1(X lIhll-Jlne
HV19iHt
37 Collier R J Beede 0 K Tatchcr r 1 [ ld
L A ViJcQ C J IntlllcrCcS of l r y iIO(OI [l1
and its lTIodifi LiILioll on cbiry ~ lllimlr hGl ll
and prodnctioll J Dtlir) Sci 19~2 ()i 22Ushy2227
]ji AI-HaiJary A A Iogilai I A AIh~lilh 11 Tlw cHeer of heat srrcio 011 milk pnxlucli oll llId ltOll1e lllem-IOfeg1l1atory rcspofllt( of high proulJci [g Holstein cJtitt i 11 erni - l1 itl environment J of King Saud Uni A il ri Sci 20(J1 14 5-54
39 iI-Haiclary Alsogk[ir blt) Iil1 M Influence of Jl iHin su ppkrlh~ri (ion )I)
thermoregu lawry respOllseS Jnli r~rr()fIT)II1CC
ut- HOJsTC~1l caclle ULilillg the urrlrllcr 1f1lf1til
J of King Sltlud Urliv AgJ i S~I 211)J~ 1-
J-S
JOYlllg V 7 i) D N Sl ~ I y tI ~ I I ~ I
1lt r flec I pI lhromillnl ~Ippk I)Wllt l i 11 11I1
middot11 Jbvirli i [ifnl1lcr D H BllLics S J Sock ~1 T Crummer R R Effec l ur cil[omillln suppJenlcilWtion on proJuc1ion 111M rmlabo lie paramclc[s i ll
peripmtlic1lt dairy cows J Dairy Sci
2(jO I t4 l2 1~-1230
middotr 1 Saiady tvl y AI-Shaikh M A AIshyMuiarrej S J AI-Shovei][li TA jl(J~mer H H 1 ltJI fJCecl of chLm~d clmHnil1n1 Slppkl1ltn(i(1~ 011 l ilC1alion perrorm~ln r e Hlri huud pa1melers or Hols(in cows
1I1lCkl hCJl ~lres ] Ani Irlal l-ecJ Science allJ Tcd lflO[Ogy 2()()4~ 1 I i~ 123-23 1
-13 Br)) 1 A Socha Vi T Tomtinsol D J Url~CI of upplLmeming ird ell~dy grltllcd ble gC18tlOll and early hlcrarioll dairy c(m~ virh c hrum iullI-L-f11Clhi()linc Jshy[)ii IY ~ii 200 8()fSllppll ) abs(Jcr
f 1 ~ II ~l A (c d ) 1 mldll L The in Il l le l kT of c~l ll) m iUlI) ~lI PjJkll1llllCili DJI
~oJ)cc nrf1tioll s ([11 gr1llltln1 cell hll l llill
lIwnollir gIJnaJrJlnif1i 11 hi nt iIll i II ~ill B io Hpmd 1990 ~ middot13 l -7
1K Cox N ~1 Slultlr( 11 J Alhcll T (i IkllllCU W A Miller H V Cnllllf lllenl or UVUI ll iOII rak
ill gillS by inciea~irt dicl1JY cllcrgymd administering insuli[1 during jolllcliar llovth J Anim ~ci 1987 64 5U7 --lh
Oll productioll Lct()r~ while mi lk yield wa igIJifican c y increased The re5ulls have also in1iLukd cltu add ing Cr lo th~uift of htclnti ll g Jai ) C()~ i~~i nficltlnt Iy imprO llI oome ur rhe IlprocluCli w parameters nHtllcly calving inlcrvmiddotiI days op~ n and numbel nfscrviccent$ per ()I t(c p(io l) Jher( j a de~lnh of i rl iorillalion (n the dfcc( qf Cr suppleme ntation OIJ reproduction of b cr(l (i Jlg dairy cows BryHl ( I lit) reported
fhll chrOJlJium sLlpplc rnenled C)NS kndccl to
111lt n 11irhcr (1lt01) 28~~J p regllancy raLe than cPlllrol cows rUll g et (Itll also repo ned hi gher cl nception lIlel l()w(T days () Pl~J1 on Crshy~u ll p Jelll[~lllc-d cows l1(I) cont rol animal s On the oliler hand P~ dlova ([ ar reponed thel( o- UP[)IClllenling chromium 10 J ~il y cow die JlOl
~iglljfj( ilnr[y Jffccl reprochlcl i ve h ll ldic)ns
I lownmiddoter (l C[Hicncy IcnvarJ higher COllCC[l li(lll
nHcS vts ronnd in the i1IolnillD1 ~ur]l lell1 ([llc d
~rollp III )C- nc l C01111110 11 repoll ~e tQer
sLlppIeIllCHlliil n i ~ i ncreased Il lle r sii1 4J bull rile
t)Iopocd mltchalli rn of -v1lich is il lCIeJscd
In diell) SLJr-pJemcn lat j011 for lti~1iry C()W~ Ulilkt hCll l ie i 111J11oved the rcprod ll Gl i Vl cifICICllly Tti impn)vqne lH cOl de bl duC to illlflI ()VCU rl~d
j[wke amI pl l)gtioioglla l cel l slj(U i ot il(middot ani mal) lolll)l-ing Cr suppIC mnIal imt
ACK1OLF-I)(JEM ENTS
A1thors wish to cprelt-$ deere-I lll prcc lilljr)[
lO all th(~ rnemLlTS (1 macl (bil) hl(li Iilh ~ p(cjal than ks w 1r AbduLlah 1 illl)tih 11[1 Ibrahim AI- IJubaib Jvlr JVlidlilil r Ki lkenny
lrld [k HfmoacoTl Adllr) Orn ~lJ_ r(l llfIj i II~ Ju l
the Vor l Our grlliludc 0 Dr Ddll r10-1- for hii lClh 11 jUt ~ ltpp)n [1cciiI hlliK l
extended LO [IIr Norll llttli Vi h ~()) 1m ~di(i ll lhi manuscript
Tlbh I Chemi ca ~()n ~tittll nL of (be hpoundlsal diet fed to nlultiparl)lls HlIlstein lttll~
~ H~t)JC[l r J Drost ]1 RivCcii R M Palllci LI)I)~ ji 1- J KarHl ~llli Y 1 u 11 _ (iV(ISC impact or ilLI[ slre--middot Of) ulibryo pmrillLliol1 CpoundU-ilS ClJ1l1 SIriilColl- fl) mi Li 1la(lUIJ Thnluglt1l01ogy OO I 5 91 i 1)3
() I~ 1- NtlULy r D I~s~[) Ci A 5lkl)1 1 1J r llCC ( of jC 2l~()l1 ltlI1d level ui pluh1 ion 011 hC)llillltllI~~iCill vllJeS in Tl)[-I~irl ((1-
111amp111 T_niliL Sli 1 yg(-i Sh ~~11 ~i I
(I LAI J l~lJl ll D ReitHyl F F IIL _I
(11 kmpE l-alUI~ sC HSOl1 OJl bomiddoti fie lmiddotidlIMl
L()J li~d tlJllion blood c~ll prnfi k JII
m i l l prltdlllilIl I l)middot)iIY ~c iiIgt i) - O-I-l 1)
ILI L I U-L I U l ~ o~ ll_- f( I U I-I i ()111-[1[1]0 ~i(II awl
h(YQ OJ) h])ud dlnlIlIIlic- 1 d~jiry Ctlllr 1
DJilY Sci j l)~ l 64 62 -7IJ
l2 Washhurn Smiddot r Siv iil W J Rrtlvmiddot[t C I-I
C(Jn~LpliilI1 11 111 lldlIill C(W ill Ili J ))wry Sli_ l (( --f 2i-( zno_
I () klfl V CllOl)llJlll in ]IlJiTlJil Illllli)ll i
leV - I ~lJ II I q I - (
2(1 KHlIl t ll I 11( bull 111111
kSOlI ill l lllln llUI I lln
ElculIJiln jl~lmiddot 1 ))CL
18
Nr~c The role (1f ClJrorlliurri ][I animal21shylullirion COIIllllitxmiddot on Animal NLirrill(1lJ -thi 11 glOIi DC Jiltiolli-ti
caJn-I of ScicllcC-gt-il[lonal ReseClrch
Council 1997
RUIlurI f L Ke-j1lIi rVl j-lt 1 Kilpi 1 S U f 5(J2 R l 1lttgUlatiort of L-clecLin arid eel] g Oil tmvllltmiddot nClItrupltiis by g-l ucocortlcoilh EffecI or corrisol 1Ild deKitlTwth1S0JlC J LCllk HiuL 19()pound) ~ S ~1 )1
1) JlIrlorl J L Ivlallard [I A rvl~wnt D N EJrc~h or suppk m(l1tal cillOrlliUrll on
iTrllllUnc IrmiddotS[J()nse- ~ of pelipaltll ricnt tlCJd
carly la~Llli()1l Jairy cov J Anim ~ci
19 1jJ 71 15J2
24 (inllllrntJ [~ R fJi oloy or lipid-related ITIC[ilhntlc di sorders in [Criparmrient dairy cmmiddots 1 D)iry i 1993 76~ 38~2-J896
2) CnnC3 1 T Ertgt J [ ~ Scarlerf J PaLh
iHlU lysi s Im seven l-lu)LJilrtUll1 disonler- uC Hulsllil) i( ~ I l)liry Sci 199J 7()
I ~U)- I 11 2
2( Cuppock C L EnClgi nutritlon and
)flcllbol~Slll 01 fhe 1l-~IMirlg duiry COv
J Dair) Sci 1985 6gmiddot )4()3-_HHl
27 Co l ier JZ J IVllNulTlara J P IaI18ce C R IJdlOlf rl H A l-vic-v u[ ~CHlUCri JJC
regulation ot metabolisll1 during lacratioll J [lilli sci ()~1 51) middotV)g-S 1O
28 Debr1S 12 CJizucj I i na E Tcssc-raud S C](ilmprcdnll C Aml) iVI Insulin
~eI1SrlVlly Jnd re~ron-1enes) Juring ideratioll and uy peJilJd in guats Am 1 pilleiol I (JS9 ]5(1 29)-02
29 011lU H Nakai L Korrda 1 lerashimltl Y Insu lin rcspOTl jvlncs LU glucusl and li osuc lCspon)lel1~s ro in~ulill ill l Ictali l) p1e2ll1ll ~ j rrd n(l1pr~gnlIll
liunla~ t l jl l bed COmiddotmiddot 1 Anim )Cl
19JI W 1122 1127
lt- ~c Jlitf bulld Pe~ ltlf h Council U [ I L n( Fcq1I 1middott1llenL ()C I )ome-I I C
Animals 7 revi(( middot cdliJoll - lIir1 i[(II
DC --mc 200 j
31 AOAC ASSOClUlion (r Otf[lj~tl nllyll11
17 ilCilerTli-ts Official l1elhod of iTIIIYI~ cditrorL Wahingroll DC ]0( 2()()()
T2 Varl Soest P J Robcrbon T I~ [A Vj Ii i Vle ll)()(b for dielarytibN Il c lllr~d i1clergl l)l fjber and nonltlarch POIY~(ilcha riJ( III
relalion to animal tlmrilioll middot J j)lilY u
1lt)r I 74 Y)8J-]597 ~~ V(iss V P E Li rm Ling ilVlildbk~ cncqry
COJltent of ked fur ddilY 1llrl- J fJ)iry ci 1lt)09~ 81 ~30~J9
J4 M~lJst L E v1cDmvti1 P F floo( II 1 W rtf~cr of Sutl)J[lcr llllllCImiddot on
perfOmltlnCeof llo1 sIcin C(JS in Ir~ lirllc sage u llaclalioD J Dairy Sci 1(n 55 133-1 YJ
35 SS ll~~cr guide St~tisric (trY r~( S )
ln st lilL~ 1098
36 Johnson H D Bi()eli1llal~~ IIHI liv lmk III
John oll II D (lt1 GloclirrIC)lUilgy arll1 jill
1JIJllt1tioli of Jivl~Lp(k mslndllll ltthedll1cls EJsmiddotiLT S~llT1(X lIhll-Jlne
HV19iHt
37 Collier R J Beede 0 K Tatchcr r 1 [ ld
L A ViJcQ C J IntlllcrCcS of l r y iIO(OI [l1
and its lTIodifi LiILioll on cbiry ~ lllimlr hGl ll
and prodnctioll J Dtlir) Sci 19~2 ()i 22Ushy2227
]ji AI-HaiJary A A Iogilai I A AIh~lilh 11 Tlw cHeer of heat srrcio 011 milk pnxlucli oll llId ltOll1e lllem-IOfeg1l1atory rcspofllt( of high proulJci [g Holstein cJtitt i 11 erni - l1 itl environment J of King Saud Uni A il ri Sci 20(J1 14 5-54
39 iI-Haiclary Alsogk[ir blt) Iil1 M Influence of Jl iHin su ppkrlh~ri (ion )I)
thermoregu lawry respOllseS Jnli r~rr()fIT)II1CC
ut- HOJsTC~1l caclle ULilillg the urrlrllcr 1f1lf1til
J of King Sltlud Urliv AgJ i S~I 211)J~ 1-
J-S
JOYlllg V 7 i) D N Sl ~ I y tI ~ I I ~ I
1lt r flec I pI lhromillnl ~Ippk I)Wllt l i 11 11I1
middot11 Jbvirli i [ifnl1lcr D H BllLics S J Sock ~1 T Crummer R R Effec l ur cil[omillln suppJenlcilWtion on proJuc1ion 111M rmlabo lie paramclc[s i ll
peripmtlic1lt dairy cows J Dairy Sci
2(jO I t4 l2 1~-1230
middotr 1 Saiady tvl y AI-Shaikh M A AIshyMuiarrej S J AI-Shovei][li TA jl(J~mer H H 1 ltJI fJCecl of chLm~d clmHnil1n1 Slppkl1ltn(i(1~ 011 l ilC1alion perrorm~ln r e Hlri huud pa1melers or Hols(in cows
1I1lCkl hCJl ~lres ] Ani Irlal l-ecJ Science allJ Tcd lflO[Ogy 2()()4~ 1 I i~ 123-23 1
-13 Br)) 1 A Socha Vi T Tomtinsol D J Url~CI of upplLmeming ird ell~dy grltllcd ble gC18tlOll and early hlcrarioll dairy c(m~ virh c hrum iullI-L-f11Clhi()linc Jshy[)ii IY ~ii 200 8()fSllppll ) abs(Jcr
f 1 ~ II ~l A (c d ) 1 mldll L The in Il l le l kT of c~l ll) m iUlI) ~lI PjJkll1llllCili DJI
~ H~t)JC[l r J Drost ]1 RivCcii R M Palllci LI)I)~ ji 1- J KarHl ~llli Y 1 u 11 _ (iV(ISC impact or ilLI[ slre--middot Of) ulibryo pmrillLliol1 CpoundU-ilS ClJ1l1 SIriilColl- fl) mi Li 1la(lUIJ Thnluglt1l01ogy OO I 5 91 i 1)3
() I~ 1- NtlULy r D I~s~[) Ci A 5lkl)1 1 1J r llCC ( of jC 2l~()l1 ltlI1d level ui pluh1 ion 011 hC)llillltllI~~iCill vllJeS in Tl)[-I~irl ((1-
111amp111 T_niliL Sli 1 yg(-i Sh ~~11 ~i I
(I LAI J l~lJl ll D ReitHyl F F IIL _I
(11 kmpE l-alUI~ sC HSOl1 OJl bomiddoti fie lmiddotidlIMl
L()J li~d tlJllion blood c~ll prnfi k JII
m i l l prltdlllilIl I l)middot)iIY ~c iiIgt i) - O-I-l 1)
ILI L I U-L I U l ~ o~ ll_- f( I U I-I i ()111-[1[1]0 ~i(II awl
h(YQ OJ) h])ud dlnlIlIIlic- 1 d~jiry Ctlllr 1
DJilY Sci j l)~ l 64 62 -7IJ
l2 Washhurn Smiddot r Siv iil W J Rrtlvmiddot[t C I-I
C(Jn~LpliilI1 11 111 lldlIill C(W ill Ili J ))wry Sli_ l (( --f 2i-( zno_
I () klfl V CllOl)llJlll in ]IlJiTlJil Illllli)ll i
leV - I ~lJ II I q I - (
2(1 KHlIl t ll I 11( bull 111111
kSOlI ill l lllln llUI I lln
ElculIJiln jl~lmiddot 1 ))CL
18
Nr~c The role (1f ClJrorlliurri ][I animal21shylullirion COIIllllitxmiddot on Animal NLirrill(1lJ -thi 11 glOIi DC Jiltiolli-ti
caJn-I of ScicllcC-gt-il[lonal ReseClrch
Council 1997
RUIlurI f L Ke-j1lIi rVl j-lt 1 Kilpi 1 S U f 5(J2 R l 1lttgUlatiort of L-clecLin arid eel] g Oil tmvllltmiddot nClItrupltiis by g-l ucocortlcoilh EffecI or corrisol 1Ild deKitlTwth1S0JlC J LCllk HiuL 19()pound) ~ S ~1 )1
1) JlIrlorl J L Ivlallard [I A rvl~wnt D N EJrc~h or suppk m(l1tal cillOrlliUrll on
iTrllllUnc IrmiddotS[J()nse- ~ of pelipaltll ricnt tlCJd
carly la~Llli()1l Jairy cov J Anim ~ci
19 1jJ 71 15J2
24 (inllllrntJ [~ R fJi oloy or lipid-related ITIC[ilhntlc di sorders in [Criparmrient dairy cmmiddots 1 D)iry i 1993 76~ 38~2-J896
2) CnnC3 1 T Ertgt J [ ~ Scarlerf J PaLh
iHlU lysi s Im seven l-lu)LJilrtUll1 disonler- uC Hulsllil) i( ~ I l)liry Sci 199J 7()
I ~U)- I 11 2
2( Cuppock C L EnClgi nutritlon and
)flcllbol~Slll 01 fhe 1l-~IMirlg duiry COv
J Dair) Sci 1985 6gmiddot )4()3-_HHl
27 Co l ier JZ J IVllNulTlara J P IaI18ce C R IJdlOlf rl H A l-vic-v u[ ~CHlUCri JJC
regulation ot metabolisll1 during lacratioll J [lilli sci ()~1 51) middotV)g-S 1O
28 Debr1S 12 CJizucj I i na E Tcssc-raud S C](ilmprcdnll C Aml) iVI Insulin
~eI1SrlVlly Jnd re~ron-1enes) Juring ideratioll and uy peJilJd in guats Am 1 pilleiol I (JS9 ]5(1 29)-02
29 011lU H Nakai L Korrda 1 lerashimltl Y Insu lin rcspOTl jvlncs LU glucusl and li osuc lCspon)lel1~s ro in~ulill ill l Ictali l) p1e2ll1ll ~ j rrd n(l1pr~gnlIll
liunla~ t l jl l bed COmiddotmiddot 1 Anim )Cl
19JI W 1122 1127
lt- ~c Jlitf bulld Pe~ ltlf h Council U [ I L n( Fcq1I 1middott1llenL ()C I )ome-I I C
Animals 7 revi(( middot cdliJoll - lIir1 i[(II
DC --mc 200 j
31 AOAC ASSOClUlion (r Otf[lj~tl nllyll11
17 ilCilerTli-ts Official l1elhod of iTIIIYI~ cditrorL Wahingroll DC ]0( 2()()()
T2 Varl Soest P J Robcrbon T I~ [A Vj Ii i Vle ll)()(b for dielarytibN Il c lllr~d i1clergl l)l fjber and nonltlarch POIY~(ilcha riJ( III
relalion to animal tlmrilioll middot J j)lilY u
1lt)r I 74 Y)8J-]597 ~~ V(iss V P E Li rm Ling ilVlildbk~ cncqry
COJltent of ked fur ddilY 1llrl- J fJ)iry ci 1lt)09~ 81 ~30~J9
J4 M~lJst L E v1cDmvti1 P F floo( II 1 W rtf~cr of Sutl)J[lcr llllllCImiddot on
perfOmltlnCeof llo1 sIcin C(JS in Ir~ lirllc sage u llaclalioD J Dairy Sci 1(n 55 133-1 YJ
35 SS ll~~cr guide St~tisric (trY r~( S )
ln st lilL~ 1098
36 Johnson H D Bi()eli1llal~~ IIHI liv lmk III
John oll II D (lt1 GloclirrIC)lUilgy arll1 jill
1JIJllt1tioli of Jivl~Lp(k mslndllll ltthedll1cls EJsmiddotiLT S~llT1(X lIhll-Jlne
HV19iHt
37 Collier R J Beede 0 K Tatchcr r 1 [ ld
L A ViJcQ C J IntlllcrCcS of l r y iIO(OI [l1
and its lTIodifi LiILioll on cbiry ~ lllimlr hGl ll
and prodnctioll J Dtlir) Sci 19~2 ()i 22Ushy2227
]ji AI-HaiJary A A Iogilai I A AIh~lilh 11 Tlw cHeer of heat srrcio 011 milk pnxlucli oll llId ltOll1e lllem-IOfeg1l1atory rcspofllt( of high proulJci [g Holstein cJtitt i 11 erni - l1 itl environment J of King Saud Uni A il ri Sci 20(J1 14 5-54
39 iI-Haiclary Alsogk[ir blt) Iil1 M Influence of Jl iHin su ppkrlh~ri (ion )I)
thermoregu lawry respOllseS Jnli r~rr()fIT)II1CC
ut- HOJsTC~1l caclle ULilillg the urrlrllcr 1f1lf1til
J of King Sltlud Urliv AgJ i S~I 211)J~ 1-
J-S
JOYlllg V 7 i) D N Sl ~ I y tI ~ I I ~ I
1lt r flec I pI lhromillnl ~Ippk I)Wllt l i 11 11I1
middot11 Jbvirli i [ifnl1lcr D H BllLics S J Sock ~1 T Crummer R R Effec l ur cil[omillln suppJenlcilWtion on proJuc1ion 111M rmlabo lie paramclc[s i ll
peripmtlic1lt dairy cows J Dairy Sci
2(jO I t4 l2 1~-1230
middotr 1 Saiady tvl y AI-Shaikh M A AIshyMuiarrej S J AI-Shovei][li TA jl(J~mer H H 1 ltJI fJCecl of chLm~d clmHnil1n1 Slppkl1ltn(i(1~ 011 l ilC1alion perrorm~ln r e Hlri huud pa1melers or Hols(in cows
1I1lCkl hCJl ~lres ] Ani Irlal l-ecJ Science allJ Tcd lflO[Ogy 2()()4~ 1 I i~ 123-23 1
-13 Br)) 1 A Socha Vi T Tomtinsol D J Url~CI of upplLmeming ird ell~dy grltllcd ble gC18tlOll and early hlcrarioll dairy c(m~ virh c hrum iullI-L-f11Clhi()linc Jshy[)ii IY ~ii 200 8()fSllppll ) abs(Jcr
f 1 ~ II ~l A (c d ) 1 mldll L The in Il l le l kT of c~l ll) m iUlI) ~lI PjJkll1llllCili DJI
~ H~t)JC[l r J Drost ]1 RivCcii R M Palllci LI)I)~ ji 1- J KarHl ~llli Y 1 u 11 _ (iV(ISC impact or ilLI[ slre--middot Of) ulibryo pmrillLliol1 CpoundU-ilS ClJ1l1 SIriilColl- fl) mi Li 1la(lUIJ Thnluglt1l01ogy OO I 5 91 i 1)3
() I~ 1- NtlULy r D I~s~[) Ci A 5lkl)1 1 1J r llCC ( of jC 2l~()l1 ltlI1d level ui pluh1 ion 011 hC)llillltllI~~iCill vllJeS in Tl)[-I~irl ((1-
111amp111 T_niliL Sli 1 yg(-i Sh ~~11 ~i I
(I LAI J l~lJl ll D ReitHyl F F IIL _I
(11 kmpE l-alUI~ sC HSOl1 OJl bomiddoti fie lmiddotidlIMl
L()J li~d tlJllion blood c~ll prnfi k JII
m i l l prltdlllilIl I l)middot)iIY ~c iiIgt i) - O-I-l 1)
ILI L I U-L I U l ~ o~ ll_- f( I U I-I i ()111-[1[1]0 ~i(II awl
h(YQ OJ) h])ud dlnlIlIIlic- 1 d~jiry Ctlllr 1
DJilY Sci j l)~ l 64 62 -7IJ
l2 Washhurn Smiddot r Siv iil W J Rrtlvmiddot[t C I-I
C(Jn~LpliilI1 11 111 lldlIill C(W ill Ili J ))wry Sli_ l (( --f 2i-( zno_
I () klfl V CllOl)llJlll in ]IlJiTlJil Illllli)ll i
leV - I ~lJ II I q I - (
2(1 KHlIl t ll I 11( bull 111111
kSOlI ill l lllln llUI I lln
ElculIJiln jl~lmiddot 1 ))CL
18
Nr~c The role (1f ClJrorlliurri ][I animal21shylullirion COIIllllitxmiddot on Animal NLirrill(1lJ -thi 11 glOIi DC Jiltiolli-ti
caJn-I of ScicllcC-gt-il[lonal ReseClrch
Council 1997
RUIlurI f L Ke-j1lIi rVl j-lt 1 Kilpi 1 S U f 5(J2 R l 1lttgUlatiort of L-clecLin arid eel] g Oil tmvllltmiddot nClItrupltiis by g-l ucocortlcoilh EffecI or corrisol 1Ild deKitlTwth1S0JlC J LCllk HiuL 19()pound) ~ S ~1 )1
1) JlIrlorl J L Ivlallard [I A rvl~wnt D N EJrc~h or suppk m(l1tal cillOrlliUrll on
iTrllllUnc IrmiddotS[J()nse- ~ of pelipaltll ricnt tlCJd
carly la~Llli()1l Jairy cov J Anim ~ci
19 1jJ 71 15J2
24 (inllllrntJ [~ R fJi oloy or lipid-related ITIC[ilhntlc di sorders in [Criparmrient dairy cmmiddots 1 D)iry i 1993 76~ 38~2-J896
2) CnnC3 1 T Ertgt J [ ~ Scarlerf J PaLh
iHlU lysi s Im seven l-lu)LJilrtUll1 disonler- uC Hulsllil) i( ~ I l)liry Sci 199J 7()
I ~U)- I 11 2
2( Cuppock C L EnClgi nutritlon and
)flcllbol~Slll 01 fhe 1l-~IMirlg duiry COv
J Dair) Sci 1985 6gmiddot )4()3-_HHl
27 Co l ier JZ J IVllNulTlara J P IaI18ce C R IJdlOlf rl H A l-vic-v u[ ~CHlUCri JJC
regulation ot metabolisll1 during lacratioll J [lilli sci ()~1 51) middotV)g-S 1O
28 Debr1S 12 CJizucj I i na E Tcssc-raud S C](ilmprcdnll C Aml) iVI Insulin
~eI1SrlVlly Jnd re~ron-1enes) Juring ideratioll and uy peJilJd in guats Am 1 pilleiol I (JS9 ]5(1 29)-02
29 011lU H Nakai L Korrda 1 lerashimltl Y Insu lin rcspOTl jvlncs LU glucusl and li osuc lCspon)lel1~s ro in~ulill ill l Ictali l) p1e2ll1ll ~ j rrd n(l1pr~gnlIll
liunla~ t l jl l bed COmiddotmiddot 1 Anim )Cl
19JI W 1122 1127
lt- ~c Jlitf bulld Pe~ ltlf h Council U [ I L n( Fcq1I 1middott1llenL ()C I )ome-I I C
Animals 7 revi(( middot cdliJoll - lIir1 i[(II
DC --mc 200 j
31 AOAC ASSOClUlion (r Otf[lj~tl nllyll11
17 ilCilerTli-ts Official l1elhod of iTIIIYI~ cditrorL Wahingroll DC ]0( 2()()()
T2 Varl Soest P J Robcrbon T I~ [A Vj Ii i Vle ll)()(b for dielarytibN Il c lllr~d i1clergl l)l fjber and nonltlarch POIY~(ilcha riJ( III
relalion to animal tlmrilioll middot J j)lilY u
1lt)r I 74 Y)8J-]597 ~~ V(iss V P E Li rm Ling ilVlildbk~ cncqry
COJltent of ked fur ddilY 1llrl- J fJ)iry ci 1lt)09~ 81 ~30~J9
J4 M~lJst L E v1cDmvti1 P F floo( II 1 W rtf~cr of Sutl)J[lcr llllllCImiddot on
perfOmltlnCeof llo1 sIcin C(JS in Ir~ lirllc sage u llaclalioD J Dairy Sci 1(n 55 133-1 YJ
35 SS ll~~cr guide St~tisric (trY r~( S )
ln st lilL~ 1098
36 Johnson H D Bi()eli1llal~~ IIHI liv lmk III
John oll II D (lt1 GloclirrIC)lUilgy arll1 jill
1JIJllt1tioli of Jivl~Lp(k mslndllll ltthedll1cls EJsmiddotiLT S~llT1(X lIhll-Jlne
HV19iHt
37 Collier R J Beede 0 K Tatchcr r 1 [ ld
L A ViJcQ C J IntlllcrCcS of l r y iIO(OI [l1
and its lTIodifi LiILioll on cbiry ~ lllimlr hGl ll
and prodnctioll J Dtlir) Sci 19~2 ()i 22Ushy2227
]ji AI-HaiJary A A Iogilai I A AIh~lilh 11 Tlw cHeer of heat srrcio 011 milk pnxlucli oll llId ltOll1e lllem-IOfeg1l1atory rcspofllt( of high proulJci [g Holstein cJtitt i 11 erni - l1 itl environment J of King Saud Uni A il ri Sci 20(J1 14 5-54
39 iI-Haiclary Alsogk[ir blt) Iil1 M Influence of Jl iHin su ppkrlh~ri (ion )I)
thermoregu lawry respOllseS Jnli r~rr()fIT)II1CC
ut- HOJsTC~1l caclle ULilillg the urrlrllcr 1f1lf1til
J of King Sltlud Urliv AgJ i S~I 211)J~ 1-
J-S
JOYlllg V 7 i) D N Sl ~ I y tI ~ I I ~ I
1lt r flec I pI lhromillnl ~Ippk I)Wllt l i 11 11I1
middot11 Jbvirli i [ifnl1lcr D H BllLics S J Sock ~1 T Crummer R R Effec l ur cil[omillln suppJenlcilWtion on proJuc1ion 111M rmlabo lie paramclc[s i ll
peripmtlic1lt dairy cows J Dairy Sci
2(jO I t4 l2 1~-1230
middotr 1 Saiady tvl y AI-Shaikh M A AIshyMuiarrej S J AI-Shovei][li TA jl(J~mer H H 1 ltJI fJCecl of chLm~d clmHnil1n1 Slppkl1ltn(i(1~ 011 l ilC1alion perrorm~ln r e Hlri huud pa1melers or Hols(in cows
1I1lCkl hCJl ~lres ] Ani Irlal l-ecJ Science allJ Tcd lflO[Ogy 2()()4~ 1 I i~ 123-23 1
-13 Br)) 1 A Socha Vi T Tomtinsol D J Url~CI of upplLmeming ird ell~dy grltllcd ble gC18tlOll and early hlcrarioll dairy c(m~ virh c hrum iullI-L-f11Clhi()linc Jshy[)ii IY ~ii 200 8()fSllppll ) abs(Jcr
f 1 ~ II ~l A (c d ) 1 mldll L The in Il l le l kT of c~l ll) m iUlI) ~lI PjJkll1llllCili DJI
~oJ)cc nrf1tioll s ([11 gr1llltln1 cell hll l llill
lIwnollir gIJnaJrJlnif1i 11 hi nt iIll i II ~ill B io Hpmd 1990 ~ middot13 l -7
1K Cox N ~1 Slultlr( 11 J Alhcll T (i IkllllCU W A Miller H V Cnllllf lllenl or UVUI ll iOII rak
ill gillS by inciea~irt dicl1JY cllcrgymd administering insuli[1 during jolllcliar llovth J Anim ~ci 1987 64 5U7 --lh
Nr~c The role (1f ClJrorlliurri ][I animal21shylullirion COIIllllitxmiddot on Animal NLirrill(1lJ -thi 11 glOIi DC Jiltiolli-ti
caJn-I of ScicllcC-gt-il[lonal ReseClrch
Council 1997
RUIlurI f L Ke-j1lIi rVl j-lt 1 Kilpi 1 S U f 5(J2 R l 1lttgUlatiort of L-clecLin arid eel] g Oil tmvllltmiddot nClItrupltiis by g-l ucocortlcoilh EffecI or corrisol 1Ild deKitlTwth1S0JlC J LCllk HiuL 19()pound) ~ S ~1 )1
1) JlIrlorl J L Ivlallard [I A rvl~wnt D N EJrc~h or suppk m(l1tal cillOrlliUrll on
iTrllllUnc IrmiddotS[J()nse- ~ of pelipaltll ricnt tlCJd
carly la~Llli()1l Jairy cov J Anim ~ci
19 1jJ 71 15J2
24 (inllllrntJ [~ R fJi oloy or lipid-related ITIC[ilhntlc di sorders in [Criparmrient dairy cmmiddots 1 D)iry i 1993 76~ 38~2-J896
2) CnnC3 1 T Ertgt J [ ~ Scarlerf J PaLh
iHlU lysi s Im seven l-lu)LJilrtUll1 disonler- uC Hulsllil) i( ~ I l)liry Sci 199J 7()
I ~U)- I 11 2
2( Cuppock C L EnClgi nutritlon and
)flcllbol~Slll 01 fhe 1l-~IMirlg duiry COv
J Dair) Sci 1985 6gmiddot )4()3-_HHl
27 Co l ier JZ J IVllNulTlara J P IaI18ce C R IJdlOlf rl H A l-vic-v u[ ~CHlUCri JJC
regulation ot metabolisll1 during lacratioll J [lilli sci ()~1 51) middotV)g-S 1O
28 Debr1S 12 CJizucj I i na E Tcssc-raud S C](ilmprcdnll C Aml) iVI Insulin
~eI1SrlVlly Jnd re~ron-1enes) Juring ideratioll and uy peJilJd in guats Am 1 pilleiol I (JS9 ]5(1 29)-02
29 011lU H Nakai L Korrda 1 lerashimltl Y Insu lin rcspOTl jvlncs LU glucusl and li osuc lCspon)lel1~s ro in~ulill ill l Ictali l) p1e2ll1ll ~ j rrd n(l1pr~gnlIll
liunla~ t l jl l bed COmiddotmiddot 1 Anim )Cl
19JI W 1122 1127
lt- ~c Jlitf bulld Pe~ ltlf h Council U [ I L n( Fcq1I 1middott1llenL ()C I )ome-I I C
Animals 7 revi(( middot cdliJoll - lIir1 i[(II
DC --mc 200 j
31 AOAC ASSOClUlion (r Otf[lj~tl nllyll11
17 ilCilerTli-ts Official l1elhod of iTIIIYI~ cditrorL Wahingroll DC ]0( 2()()()
T2 Varl Soest P J Robcrbon T I~ [A Vj Ii i Vle ll)()(b for dielarytibN Il c lllr~d i1clergl l)l fjber and nonltlarch POIY~(ilcha riJ( III
relalion to animal tlmrilioll middot J j)lilY u
1lt)r I 74 Y)8J-]597 ~~ V(iss V P E Li rm Ling ilVlildbk~ cncqry
COJltent of ked fur ddilY 1llrl- J fJ)iry ci 1lt)09~ 81 ~30~J9
J4 M~lJst L E v1cDmvti1 P F floo( II 1 W rtf~cr of Sutl)J[lcr llllllCImiddot on
perfOmltlnCeof llo1 sIcin C(JS in Ir~ lirllc sage u llaclalioD J Dairy Sci 1(n 55 133-1 YJ
35 SS ll~~cr guide St~tisric (trY r~( S )
ln st lilL~ 1098
36 Johnson H D Bi()eli1llal~~ IIHI liv lmk III
John oll II D (lt1 GloclirrIC)lUilgy arll1 jill
1JIJllt1tioli of Jivl~Lp(k mslndllll ltthedll1cls EJsmiddotiLT S~llT1(X lIhll-Jlne
HV19iHt
37 Collier R J Beede 0 K Tatchcr r 1 [ ld
L A ViJcQ C J IntlllcrCcS of l r y iIO(OI [l1
and its lTIodifi LiILioll on cbiry ~ lllimlr hGl ll
and prodnctioll J Dtlir) Sci 19~2 ()i 22Ushy2227
]ji AI-HaiJary A A Iogilai I A AIh~lilh 11 Tlw cHeer of heat srrcio 011 milk pnxlucli oll llId ltOll1e lllem-IOfeg1l1atory rcspofllt( of high proulJci [g Holstein cJtitt i 11 erni - l1 itl environment J of King Saud Uni A il ri Sci 20(J1 14 5-54
39 iI-Haiclary Alsogk[ir blt) Iil1 M Influence of Jl iHin su ppkrlh~ri (ion )I)
thermoregu lawry respOllseS Jnli r~rr()fIT)II1CC
ut- HOJsTC~1l caclle ULilillg the urrlrllcr 1f1lf1til
J of King Sltlud Urliv AgJ i S~I 211)J~ 1-
J-S
JOYlllg V 7 i) D N Sl ~ I y tI ~ I I ~ I
1lt r flec I pI lhromillnl ~Ippk I)Wllt l i 11 11I1
middot11 Jbvirli i [ifnl1lcr D H BllLics S J Sock ~1 T Crummer R R Effec l ur cil[omillln suppJenlcilWtion on proJuc1ion 111M rmlabo lie paramclc[s i ll
peripmtlic1lt dairy cows J Dairy Sci
2(jO I t4 l2 1~-1230
middotr 1 Saiady tvl y AI-Shaikh M A AIshyMuiarrej S J AI-Shovei][li TA jl(J~mer H H 1 ltJI fJCecl of chLm~d clmHnil1n1 Slppkl1ltn(i(1~ 011 l ilC1alion perrorm~ln r e Hlri huud pa1melers or Hols(in cows
1I1lCkl hCJl ~lres ] Ani Irlal l-ecJ Science allJ Tcd lflO[Ogy 2()()4~ 1 I i~ 123-23 1
-13 Br)) 1 A Socha Vi T Tomtinsol D J Url~CI of upplLmeming ird ell~dy grltllcd ble gC18tlOll and early hlcrarioll dairy c(m~ virh c hrum iullI-L-f11Clhi()linc Jshy[)ii IY ~ii 200 8()fSllppll ) abs(Jcr
f 1 ~ II ~l A (c d ) 1 mldll L The in Il l le l kT of c~l ll) m iUlI) ~lI PjJkll1llllCili DJI
middot11 Jbvirli i [ifnl1lcr D H BllLics S J Sock ~1 T Crummer R R Effec l ur cil[omillln suppJenlcilWtion on proJuc1ion 111M rmlabo lie paramclc[s i ll
peripmtlic1lt dairy cows J Dairy Sci
2(jO I t4 l2 1~-1230
middotr 1 Saiady tvl y AI-Shaikh M A AIshyMuiarrej S J AI-Shovei][li TA jl(J~mer H H 1 ltJI fJCecl of chLm~d clmHnil1n1 Slppkl1ltn(i(1~ 011 l ilC1alion perrorm~ln r e Hlri huud pa1melers or Hols(in cows
1I1lCkl hCJl ~lres ] Ani Irlal l-ecJ Science allJ Tcd lflO[Ogy 2()()4~ 1 I i~ 123-23 1
-13 Br)) 1 A Socha Vi T Tomtinsol D J Url~CI of upplLmeming ird ell~dy grltllcd ble gC18tlOll and early hlcrarioll dairy c(m~ virh c hrum iullI-L-f11Clhi()linc Jshy[)ii IY ~ii 200 8()fSllppll ) abs(Jcr
f 1 ~ II ~l A (c d ) 1 mldll L The in Il l le l kT of c~l ll) m iUlI) ~lI PjJkll1llllCili DJI